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Nat Genet:研究发现端粒更长增患脑癌风险

2014-06-12 Margaret Wrensch 《自然—遗传学》

据美国加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)科学家领导的最新基因组研究揭示,两个普通的基因变异会使染色体端粒变得更长,但也会大大增加患神经胶质瘤脑癌的风险。此前许多科学家认为,端粒的功能只是防止细胞老化,保持细胞健康。相关论文在线发表于最近的《自然—遗传学》网站上。据物理学家组织网6月8日报道,这两个基因变异是TERT(端粒逆转录酶)和TERC(端粒酶),51%的人携带TERT变异,72%的人携带TERC

据美国加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)科学家领导的最新基因组研究揭示,两个普通的基因变异会使染色体端粒变得更长,但也会大大增加患神经胶质瘤脑癌的风险。此前许多科学家认为,端粒的功能只是防止细胞老化,保持细胞健康。相关论文在线发表于最近的《自然—遗传学》网站上。

据物理学家组织网6月8日报道,这两个基因变异是TERT(端粒逆转录酶)和TERC(端粒酶),51%的人携带TERT变异,72%的人携带TERC变异。这两个基因都有调节端粒行为的功能,是维持端粒长度的酶,这种由大部分人所携带的风险基因变异还比较罕见。研究人员认为,这些变异基因携带者的染色体端粒更长,所以全体细胞更加强健,但也增加了患高等级神经胶质瘤(high-grade gliomas)的风险。

“真要发展成神经胶质瘤,还有很高‘门槛’,可能因为我们的大脑还有其他特殊保护机制。”论文高级作者、UCSF脑肿瘤研究所的玛格丽特·兰斯彻说,“由此而被诊出患神经胶质瘤的人很少见,起码我从未见过。”

端粒加长可能是遗传行为在风险与利益之间取得平衡的一个例子。在研究初期,UCSF和爱尔兰梅奥临床医学院研究人员合作分析了1644名神经胶质瘤病人和7736名健康人的全范围基因组数据。研究证实了TERT和神经胶质瘤之间存在相关性,并首次确定了TERC是神经胶质瘤的风险因子。另一部分数据来自英国莱斯特大学对近4万人的端粒长度进行的大范围基因组分析,该调查发现,端粒更短的人患心血管疾病的风险大大增加。

“虽然总体来看端粒更长对人更好,会减小健康风险、延缓衰老,但也可能会让某些细胞活得超过期望,这正是癌细胞的特征。”论文第一作者、UCSF神经外科副教授凯尔·沃什说。

在很多研究中,端粒更长被认为是健康的标志。如一些研究显示,一个人长期生活在压力下会使端粒缩短。但癌细胞却能通过维持端粒长度而延长自身寿命,药物公司一直在寻找特殊标靶遏制肿瘤细胞端粒,希望能让癌细胞因此而老化死亡。有些疾病相关的变异会促进端粒更长,而有些会让端粒变短。但研究认为,无论端粒更长还是更短,都可能引起疾病。

沃什还指出,新研究的意义不止于神经胶质瘤。TERT变异还与肺癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌和乳腺癌有关,TERC变异与白血病、结肠癌、多发性骨髓瘤等疾病有关,而TERT和TERC都变异则会增加突发性肺纤维化的风险。

原始出处:


Walsh KM1, Codd V2, Smirnov IV3, Rice T4, Decker PA5, Hansen HM4, Kollmeyer T6, Kosel ML5, Molinaro AM3, McCoy LS4, Bracci PM7, Cabriga BS4, Pekmezci M8, Zheng S4, Wiemels JL9, Pico AR10, Tihan T8, Berger MS3, Chang SM3, Prados MD3, Lachance DH11, O'Neill BP11, Sicotte H5, Eckel-Passow JE5; ENGAGE Consortium Telomere Group, van der Harst P12, Wiencke JK13, Samani NJ2, Jenkins RB6, Wrensch MR13.Variants near TERT and TERC influencing telomere length are associated with high-grade glioma risk.Nat Genet. 2014 Jun 8. doi: 10.1038/ng.3004. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2014-10-30 cy0324
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    2015-02-24 liye789132251
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    2015-05-05 canlab
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Biology Letters :女性养猫并不致癌

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Br J Cancer:戒酒药物戒酒硫或可用于治疗恶性胶质瘤

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Oncogene:阻止脑癌细胞增殖和迁移的关键性信号传导途径

多形性成胶质细胞瘤,图片来自Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu)和J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu) 脑癌很难治疗:它不仅顽强抵抗大多数化疗,而且足够灵活地从放疗或手术位点迁移到他处导致癌症再生。如今美国科罗拉多大学癌症中心研究人员开展的这项新研究表明如何阻止这两者发生。 特别的是,癌细胞给它们自己发送存活、生长、

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