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Cell Research:环装RNA编码蛋白的重要机制

2017-03-16 上海生命科学研究院 上海生命科学研究院

  3月10,中国科学院-马普学会计算生物学伙伴研究所研究员王泽峰在《细胞研究》(Cell Research)上在线发表了题为Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N6-methyladenosine 的研究论文,该研究发现了大量的环形RNA可作为信使RNA来编码蛋白,这些环形信使RNA通过一种常见的RNA甲基化修饰m

 

3月10,中国科学院-马普学会计算生物学伙伴研究所研究员王泽峰在《细胞研究》(Cell Research)上在线发表了题为Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N6-methyladenosine 的研究论文,该研究发现了大量的环形RNA可作为信使RNA来编码蛋白,这些环形信使RNA通过一种常见的RNA甲基化修饰m6A,来驱动非帽依赖性的翻译机制来合成蛋白质。该研究进一步拓展了环装RNA的功能,对蛋白质来源的多样性有新的认识,具有十分重要的理论意义。

环状RNA在某些病毒中普遍存在,然而近年才在真核生物中发现大量这种非主流RNA。人类的环状RNA主要是由外显子的反向剪接产生的,但关于其生物功能尚无定论。先前研究显示,环状RNA是一种非编码RNA,可以如同海绵一样吸附miRNA或RNA结合蛋白,从而起到调控基因表达的作用。

人的细胞中所有的已知mRNA都含有5'端帽结构,这一帽结构是大部分mRNA翻译所必需的。然而在一些特殊情况如细胞应激条件下,有些mRNA可以不依赖于帽结构而靠一个叫IRSE的顺式调控原件从mRNA的中间启动翻译。这种IRES驱动的蛋白翻译在RNA病毒中很常见,但只在一小部分的真核细胞mRNA中发现。在王泽峰组的前期工作中,他们发现插有IRES的编码GFP的环状RNA可以在细胞中被翻译。而新的工作中,他们发现环状RNA中富含m6A甲基化修饰,而且这些碱基修饰可以像IRES一样驱动环状RNA翻译。王泽峰认为,"这两个发现放在一起,就可推断出有大量的环状RNA被翻译成蛋白质这一令人惊讶的结论,说明人的细胞中存在有大量的环状RNA编码的未知蛋白。"这是一个很令人兴奋的结论,说明人类蛋白质的多样性远比从前想的大。

该文作者们进一步研究了环形RNA的翻译机制,发现了m6A识别蛋白YTHDF3能够结合到环状RNA的修饰位点并募集eIF4G2和其他翻译起始因子来驱动环状RNA的翻译。同时,他们通过多核糖体分析和RNA测序发现大量的环状RNA与多核糖体结合在一起。在此基础上,利用质谱分析的方法鉴定了一些由环状RNA反向剪接接口编码的新肽段。

尽管不排除很多环状RNA仍可能是非编码RNA,但新结果证明其中一大部分可以像信使RNA一样翻译成蛋白。"这一发现模糊了编码和非编码RNA的界定。"王泽峰认为,"信使RNA不见得一定需要是线性的,环状RNA显然是一类新的信使RNA。"

新文章尚未解答的重要问题是这些环状RNA编码的蛋白功能是什么,但他们提出了一些有趣的可能性。正常情况下,真核细胞中蛋白质合成的主要方式是通过5'端帽依赖性翻译,但在应激环境下或一些癌症中,5'端帽依赖性翻译会被抑制而非帽依赖性翻译将会取代。因为环状RNA没有5'端帽结构,所以所有的环状RNA翻译都是通过非5'端帽依赖性翻译进行的。因而环状RNA可能通过产生刺激诱导蛋白在细胞应激反应中发挥重要作用。根据类似推理,环状RNA编码的蛋白可能在癌症发展过程中发挥重要作用。

此项研究和之前的研究都表明m6A可以像IRES一样启动翻译,而在信使RNA中存在大量的m6A修饰。因此王泽峰相信:"类似于一个基因可以通过可变剪接产生多个信使RNA异构体一样,一个信使RNA可能通过非帽依赖性翻译产生多种蛋白质。"

参与此项工作的合作者包括来自浙江大学、中科院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所、华东理工大学和大连医科大学的科学家。

原始出处:

Yang Y, Fan X, Mao M,et al. Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N6-methyladenosine.Cell Res. 2017 Mar 10.

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    2017-12-03 维他命
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    2017-03-16 wangyunyb

    lncRNA是热点,但不见得是靶点,尤其是药物靶点

    0

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每个细胞的基因表达谱随其功能而异。从血液或组织样本中的许多单个细胞中提取RNA可以根据基因表达模式区分细胞。这使科学家有机会确定细胞功能,包括它们在疾病中的作用或对治疗的反应。MIT的研究人员已经开发出一种便携式技术,可以快速制备多种细胞的RNA同时进行测序,他们相信这种方法将会更广泛地被应用。新的技术被称为Seq-Well,可以让科学家在组织样本中更容易识别不同类型的细胞,帮助他们研究免疫细胞如

张锋发现靶向RNA“新魔剪”,CRISPR家族再次壮大!

近日,发表在Molecular Cell杂志上题为“Cas13b Is a Type VI-B CRISPR-Associated RNA-Guided RNase Differentially Regulated by Accessory Proteins Csx27 and Csx28”的研究中,张锋带领的研究小组发现了两个新型的RNA靶向CRISPR系统。这类新系统利用了一种新的Cas酶——

Cancer Res:揭示肺癌成功转移到大脑中的分子机制

每年因肺癌死亡的人要远远多于因乳腺癌、结肠癌以及前列腺癌死亡的人数,肺癌的一种特殊致死性形式是肺腺癌(LUAD),其影响着吸烟和非吸烟人群的健康,在很多被诊断为肺腺癌的患者中,其机体中的肿瘤细胞已经扩散到了大脑中,这样就会明显降低患者的生活质量以及生存率。 日前,一项刊登在国际杂志

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