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European Urology:北京基因组所开发泌尿生殖系统肿瘤诊断和预后的液体活检技术

2019-11-22 北京基因所 北京基因所

泌尿生殖系统(genitourinary, GU)肿瘤是指发生在泌尿生殖系统上的肿瘤,包括肾癌,尿路上皮癌,前列腺癌等。到 2020 年,全世界 GU 癌症的估计发病率将超过 200 万,死亡人数约 80 万人。目前对 GU 肿瘤的诊断和监测方法多为侵袭性和 / 或缺乏敏感性和特异性。液体活检技术凭借其无创或微创、实时监控等优势已然成为肿瘤研究领域的新兴技术。

泌尿生殖系统(genitourinary, GU)肿瘤是指发生在泌尿生殖系统上的肿瘤,包括肾癌,尿路上皮癌,前列腺癌等。到 2020 年,全世界 GU 癌症的估计发病率将超过 200 万,死亡人数约 80 万人。目前对 GU 肿瘤的诊断和监测方法多为侵袭性和 / 或缺乏敏感性和特异性。液体活检技术凭借其无创或微创、实时监控等优势已然成为肿瘤研究领域的新兴技术。

近日,中科院北京基因组研究所慈维敏组与北京大学第一医院、北京大学第三医院以及北京大学航天中心医院合作开发了泌尿生殖系统肿瘤诊断和预后的液体活检技术,该项研究成果以“Non-invasive Detection and Localization of Genitourinary Cancers Using Urinary Sediment DNA Methylomes and Copy Number Profiles”为题在学术期刊《欧洲泌尿学杂志》(European Urology)在线发表。

基于尿沉渣 DNA 的 GU 肿瘤诊断和定位,研究团队开发了 GUseek 技术。该技术通过对 225 例 GU 肿瘤患者(60例前列腺癌,100例尿路上皮癌,65名肾癌患者)和 88 名健康人群的尿沉渣 DNA 进行低深度全基因组重亚硫酸氢盐测序,获得了每个样本的 DNA 甲基化和拷贝数变异信息。基于该信息构建的二元分类器,能够准确地从健康个体中检测出 GU 肿瘤(尿路上皮癌 AUC=0.972,前列腺癌AUC=0.940,肾癌AUC=0.962)。最终,团队建立了集成分类系统GUseek。经比较,该系统优于其他6 种广泛使用的机器学习算法,对非肿瘤组、尿路上皮癌组、前列腺癌组和肾癌组的总体准确率达到 90.57%。此外,结合TCGA 的临床数据,研究团队建立了一个有效预测尿路上皮癌和肾癌患者的预后风险评估模型。

该研究首次证明尿沉渣 DNA 甲基化和 CNA 联合分析在 GU 肿瘤早期诊断、复发监控、治疗评估等潜在临床应用方面的可行性,并为其在 GU 肿瘤患者预后生存评估的应用提供了一个概念性证明。

该研究得到了中国科学院战略性先导科技专项、国家自然科学以及国家重点研发计划等基金资助。

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    2020-08-21 周虎
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    2020-03-07 feather89
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    2019-11-24 lqvr

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近年来,随着“精准医学”理念的不断拓展,针对癌症的液体活检开展得异常火热。目前,癌症的液体活检手段主要包括循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)、循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)、循环RNA(cfRNA)、外泌体以及蛋白和代谢产物检测等。其中,针对ctDNA的体细胞突变检测技术研究及应用较为广泛。但该技术也存在一定的局限性,如癌细胞释放的ctDNA多数未发生突变,或者发生了罕见突变难以识别,为检测的准确性和精确性带来

液体活检新进展与新方向,为肺癌全程管理之路精准护航

液体活检是通过分析血液或其他体液,以检测标本中肿瘤相关分子标志物的新技术。随着细胞分离技术和基因检测技术的发展,其在肿瘤精准医疗中的价值日益凸显。相较于组织活检,液体活检技术能很好地克服肿瘤异质性,重复检测方便,可进行分子水平的动态监测,具有广阔的临床应用前景。特邀中国医学科学院肿瘤医院的王洁教授,就液体活检特别是循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)检测在肿瘤临床诊疗上的应用现状及未来探索方向做一专访。

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