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Cell重磅:研究发现:要使男人顾家/照顾孩子,注射催乳素等就可以实现

2020-08-10 iNature iNature

父系行为普遍存在于整个动物界,对物种生存至关重要。但是,父亲对后代照料的相对贡献在不同的动物之间,甚至在相关物种之间,也明显不同。组织和控制父系行为的机制仍然知之甚少。

父系行为普遍存在于整个动物界,对物种生存至关重要。但是,父亲对后代照料的相对贡献在不同的动物之间,甚至在相关物种之间,也明显不同。组织和控制父系行为的机制仍然知之甚少。

2020年8月6日,瑞典卡罗林斯卡研究所Christian Broberger团队在Cell 在线发表题为“A Neuro-hormonal Circuit for Paternal Behavior Controlled by a Hypothalamic Network Oscillation”的研究论文,该研究使用Sprague-Dawley大鼠和C57BL / 6小鼠(父系谱两个极端的物种),确定了神经内分泌多巴胺神经元中不同的电振荡模式与低多巴胺释放,高循环催乳素,催乳素受体依赖性激活链相关视神经前内侧区域和雄性小鼠的父系护理行为。

在大鼠中,相同的参数表现出相反的特征。对这些节律的光遗传学操作在小鼠中大大改变了血清催乳素和父系行为,而将催乳素注射到非父系大鼠中则引发了父系照护的行为。

总之,该研究通过使用分别具有双亲和单亲行为特征的两个相关模型物种,提供了因果关系证明Prl(雌激素,孕酮和催乳激素[Prl])可以作为啮齿动物父系行为的驱动因素,而影响TIDA神经元节律的因素可以作为对父系行为的调控。

父系行为会直接影响年轻一代的身心健康和社交技能的形成。父系注意力会影响孩子的认知功能的发展,而忽视或虐待会使孩子容易患上抑郁症,敌意,犯罪行为。从进化的角度来看,父系行为对于确保物种的生存至关重要,并且表现出不同的形式。

从昆虫到哺乳动物,编码这种行为的神经基质在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物类群中反复进化,处于强大的进化压力下。这已根据每个物种对父系行为的适应价值,决定了父系行为的表达方式,从产卵地点选择或育雏到供应,护理和技能教学。

许多哺乳动物是母系类型,但也有例外。双系的经典例子是草原田鼠和加利福尼亚鼠,其中雄性与哺乳雌性表现出相似的父母关怀水平。有趣的是,密切相关的物种可能出现相反的表现,表明整个系统发育树中这种行为的神经和内分泌机制是动态变化的。

文章模式图(图源自Cell )

母系行为受到激素的强烈影响。 研究表明,在怀孕,产后和年幼的整个啮齿动物中,三价激素(雌激素,孕酮和催乳激素[Prl])的水平升高并保持升高,这是导致母系行为的原因。除这些激素外,还发现催产素在诱导和调节母系行为中起着至关重要的作用。

与母系功能最密切相关的激素是Prl,其从垂体前叶的分泌主要受位于下丘脑背侧弓形核(dmArc)的管漏斗多巴胺(TIDA)神经元的控制,在大多数情况下抑制男性和未成年女性的生理功能。然而,尽管越来越多的文献揭示了母系行为的神经和激素调控,但双亲物种对父系照料后代行为的基本机制仍然不清楚。

该研究使用Sprague-Dawley大鼠和C57BL / 6小鼠(父系谱两个极端的物种),确定了神经内分泌多巴胺神经元中不同的电振荡模式与低多巴胺释放,高循环催乳素,催乳素受体依赖性激活链相关视神经前内侧区域和雄性小鼠的父系护理行为。

在大鼠中,相同的参数表现出相反的特征。对这些节律的光遗传学操作在小鼠中大大改变了血清催乳素和父系行为,而将催乳素注射到非父系大鼠中则引发了父系照护的行为。

总之,该研究通过使用分别具有双亲和单亲行为特征的两个相关模型物种,提供了因果关系证明Prl(雌激素,孕酮和催乳激素[Prl])可以作为啮齿动物父系行为的驱动因素,而影响TIDA神经元节律的因素可以作为对父系行为的调控。

注:该研究为基础研究,不作为临床上推广操作。

原始出处:

Stefanos Stagkourakis, Kristina O. Smiley, Paul Williams, et.al. A Neuro-hormonal Circuit for Paternal Behavior Controlled by a Hypothalamic Network Oscillation. Cell August 06, 2020

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    2021-03-15 爆笑小医
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    2020-08-12 lmm401
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    2020-08-12 xxxx1054

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与催产素之后再使用导尿管引产相比,同时使用导尿管与催产素引产可以提高初产妇和经产妇24小时内分娩率。

NEJM:热稳定性卡贝缩宫素用于产后出血的预防

研究发现,热稳定型卡贝缩宫素与后叶催产素对于产后出血的预防效果相近

BMJ:阴道分娩产妇使用催产素该肌肉注射还是静脉注射?

由此可见,第三产程静脉注射催产素会导致严重PPH、输血和入住高依赖护理单元的频率要低于肌肉注射催产素,且没有过多的副作用。

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