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Science:正常干细胞分裂复制错误和体细胞突变才是导致癌症的真正原因?

2017-03-24 MedSci MedSci原创

癌症的发生是因为正常细胞中积累了基因突变,尤其是被称为癌症驱动基因的突变,导致细胞可以无限地增殖,引起组织器官变异及功能丧失。造成癌细胞中的基因突变的原因可能是遗传因素、环境影响或者DNA复制出错引入。其中外界环境刺激导致癌症的发生已被大量研究发现并证明,这也为癌症初级预防提供了很好的指导。另一方面,遗传导致的癌症也很常见,患者往往有明显的家族遗传病史。

近日,Science杂志在线发表了关于干细胞分裂、体细胞突变与癌症病因学的关系,并为癌症预防提出相关建议。

癌症可能是由由遗传的突变、环境因素、或由DNA复制错误导致的。

研究人员对69个国家的17种不同癌症类型的基因组和流行病学数据进行分析。 数据揭示了不管环境如何,所有国家癌症发病率与正常干细胞分裂之间有较高相关性(中位数= 0.80)。 R突变在癌症病因学中的主要作用得到独立方法的支持,该方法基于癌症基因组测序和流行病学数据。这表明R突变导致人类癌症中三分之二的突变。所有这些结果与流行病学估测环境诱因导致癌症的比例一致。此外,研究人员还强调了通过早期检测和干预以减少由不可避免的R突变引起的癌症死亡的重要性。

研究表明,正常干细胞分裂过程中DNA复制出错导致的基因突变在癌症发病中发挥了主要的作用。

原始出处:

Cristian Tomasetti, Lu Li, Bert Vogelstein. Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention. Science  24 Mar 2017:Vol. 355, Issue 6331, pp. 1330-1334

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    2017-03-26 jambiya
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    2017-03-26 jichang
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