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Am J Med:以心包炎为首发表现的类风湿性关节炎-案例报道

2016-01-19 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

患者男,50岁,因“心绞痛12小时”就诊。既往有高血压、2型糖尿病、痛风史;曾感有潜伏期结核感染治疗史。入院评估患者急性冠脉综合征和肺栓塞的可能性小。入院后20小时患者出现胸骨下疼痛,心电图提示ST段抬高1mm,肌钙蛋白4.67 ng/mL (正常: < 0.09 ng/mL),超声心动图未见明显异常,冠状动脉造影未见明显异常,ESR 97 mm/Hr,CRP 305.8 mg/L。考虑心肌

患者男,50岁,因“心绞痛12小时”就诊。

既往有高血压、2型糖尿病、痛风史;曾感有潜伏期结核感染治疗史。入院评估患者急性冠脉综合征和肺栓塞的可能性小。

入院后20小时患者出现胸骨下疼痛,心电图提示ST段抬高1mm,肌钙蛋白4.67 ng/mL (正常: < 0.09 ng/mL),超声心动图未见明显异常,冠状动脉造影未见明显异常,ESR 97 mm/Hr,CRP 305.8 mg/L。考虑心肌心包炎,予以吲哚美辛和秋水仙碱治疗,在接下来的几周患者仍有肋膜炎的胸痛、呼吸困难、倦怠、食欲不振、盗汗、体重下降等表现。

出院后8周查心脏MRI提示残余心肌炎症,血流动力学不显著的心包积液,以及左侧大量胸腔积液(如图)。 ESR 86 mm/Hr,CRP 63.2 mg/L,类风湿因子阳性(82 IU/mL),抗核抗体阴性,QFT-G阴性。诊断性胸腔穿刺发现血性胸腔积液,淋巴细胞为主,细菌、真菌、病毒培养阴性,细胞学检查阴性。



渗出性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断包括恶性肿瘤、感染和系统性炎症性疾病。大约有50%的胸腔积液与恶性肿瘤有关。淋巴细胞性积液(淋巴细胞> 80%)可能是由于恶性肿瘤(淋巴瘤)、结核结节病、乳糜胸、类风湿性关节炎(RA)和yellow-nail综合症导致。

本例患者胸腔积液培养和细胞学检查均为阴性。腺苷脱氨酶低(14.5 U / L)和活动性肺结核已除外。血清抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体水平明显升高(>250 U),初步考虑诊断类风湿关节炎(RA)。

患者的胸腔积液自行消退,且在六个月内没有复发。初始实验室异常指标包括贫血、血小板减少症、急性肾损伤、炎症标志物的升高等,对其进行不含免疫抑制的标准化治疗。然而,在接下来的几个月里患者出现关节痛,尤其是在他的手腕和肘部,并开始硫唑嘌呤治疗。

类风湿性关节炎是一种激进型系统性炎症疾病,通常在不知不觉中发生发展。心脏RA的表现包括心包炎、心肌炎、冠状血管炎。约30 - 50%的RA患者有心包炎的后期证据,只有不到10%的RA患者以心包炎作为临床表现。RA患者进行心脏MRI检查出的亚临床心肌异常也不少见。虽然RA患者并发心脏或肺部并发症并不少见,不过以心包炎作为RA的初始临床表现还是十分罕见的。

原始出处:

Adam J. Mitchell, Tamas Alexy,et al.Rheumatoid arthritis presenting as acute myopericarditis.Am J Med.doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.12.024

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    2016-01-27 李继凯

    心想法

    0

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    2016-01-21 lmm397
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