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Biology Letters:生男孩会缩短女性寿命

2013-03-06 周子楠 生物谷

研究人员发现,生男孩的女性寿命要比生女孩的女性寿命略短一些。 他们通过对工业化以前芬兰农村人口的研究表明女性每生一个男孩会使她死亡的风险每年提高7%。 作为这项研究的主要作者,芬兰土尔库大学的Samuli Helle说:"之前对于孩子性别对母亲寿命影响的研究有矛盾,现在我们又添了一笔。"她还说道:"我一点也不惊讶于之前那些研究结果的混乱,因为之前的研究包括了不同的社会和文化背景等等因素。" 影

研究人员发现,生男孩的女性寿命要比生女孩的女性寿命略短一些。 他们通过对工业化以前芬兰农村人口的研究表明女性每生一个男孩会使她死亡的风险每年提高7%。

作为这项研究的主要作者,芬兰土尔库大学的Samuli Helle说:"之前对于孩子性别对母亲寿命影响的研究有矛盾,现在我们又添了一笔。"她还说道:"我一点也不惊讶于之前那些研究结果的混乱,因为之前的研究包括了不同的社会和文化背景等等因素。"

影响女性寿命的因素有很多,比如富裕程度、营养状态以及孩子的数量。当食物和健康保障这类条件不好的时候,生男孩所产生的影响和生女孩相比最明显。

Helle 和她的共同作者Virpi Lummaafound 通过教区纪录调查了从17世纪到20世纪中叶居住在8个教区的居民。他们发现如果这些教区的女性在37岁怀上最后一个孩子,她的寿命会因为孩子性别而改变--如果她没有男孩,她将再活33.1年;如果有三个男孩,她将再活32.7年; 而当她有六个男孩的时候,她将再活32.4年。

这篇来自Biology Letters的研究建立在同一组人10多年前在Science 上发表的研究之上。在那篇文章中他们发现女性每生一个男孩寿命会缩短34星期。相比较而言,生女孩实际上略微增加了女性的寿命。在这两份研究中,只有母亲的寿命被缩短而父亲的寿命则没有受影响。

生物因素

可是引起寿命略微变化的原因仍是一个难题。Helle说:"生物因素和文化因素之间的相对重要性还尚无定论。"她猜想或许是女孩更能帮父母分担家务活的缘故。他还提到:"我们还需要更多数据,比如每件工作有多少男孩和女孩帮忙了以及他们几岁开始到外面工作的等等。"

斯德哥尔默工业经济研究中心的Erik Lindqvist曾调查过瑞典的生育和寿命的关系。Erik并不同意他们的观点。他说:"我们从没成地功重复出他们的结果。"

但是在波兰Jagiellonian大学克拉科夫医学院研究寿命和生殖健康的Grazyna Jasienska 相信男孩对女性寿命的影响是真实的。而且这很有可能是由于像哺乳之类的生物因素造成的。

其他研究发现,男孩会更多地消耗母亲,而原因则是因为他们出生时比女孩们略重。还有几个研究发现女性消耗更多地能量来给男孩哺乳,虽然这些结果有些矛盾。

Helle说:"我认为生男孩比女孩多消耗能量更可能是由于社会因素而不是生物因素,当然我也不能确定 。"

NATURE | NEWS :Having sons can shorten a woman's life expectancy

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0034

A trade-off between having many sons and shorter maternal post-reproductive survival in pre-industrial Finland

Samuli Helle1⇓ and Virpi Lummaa2

A bias in reproduction towards sons, which are energetically more costly than daughters, has been suggested to shorten parental lifespan, but previous results have been mixed. Reproductive costs should be most evident in low rather than high resource settings, and are not expected to be severe in men, because women pay higher direct costs of reproduction. We, therefore, used demographic data from pre-industrial Finland to investigate whether the number of sons and daughters born affected their parents’ post-reproductive survival and whether this was related to parent's resource availability. Irrespective of access to resources, mothers, but not fathers, with many sons suffered from reduced post-reproductive survival, and this association decreased as mothers aged. Our results provide evidence that Finnish mothers traded long post-reproductive lifespan for giving birth to many sons.

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    2013-05-03 anminleiryan
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    2013-09-03 sunylz
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