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Cell:抗生素治疗很大障碍:缓慢生长的致病菌

2014-08-20 叶予 生物通

不论是肺炎还是败血症,感染性疾病是越来越难治了。大多数人一吃抗生素就得吃上一个星期,这是为什么呢?愈演愈烈的抗生素抗性是一部分原因。不过,即使细菌没有抗性,也能够在抗生素的攻击下生存一段时间。 Basel大学的科学家们发现,在受到感染的组织中,细菌们对抗生素的敏感性并不相同。而抗生素治疗面临的最大障碍其实是缓慢生长的致病菌。这项研究于八月十四日发表在Cell杂志上。 在此之前人们一

不论是肺炎还是败血症,感染性疾病是越来越难治了。大多数人一吃抗生素就得吃上一个星期,这是为什么呢?愈演愈烈的抗生素抗性是一部分原因。不过,即使细菌没有抗性,也能够在抗生素的攻击下生存一段时间。

Basel大学的科学家们发现,在受到感染的组织中,细菌们对抗生素的敏感性并不相同。而抗生素治疗面临的最大障碍其实是缓慢生长的致病菌。这项研究于八月十四日发表在Cell杂志上。

在此之前人们一直认为,细菌耐药性来源于那些处于“休眠”状态的细菌,这些细菌不生长因此不会受到抗生素的影响。然而Basel大学的Dirk Bumann教授指出,在沙门氏菌感染的组织中,休眠的致病菌只起到了次要的作用,大量缓慢生长的细菌才是真正令人头疼的问题。

生长速度的差异

就算是遗传学完全相同的细菌,生长速度也可能大相径庭。那么,致病菌在其感染的宿主组织中也是这样么?Bumann通过一种以荧光为基础新方法,检测了不同沙门氏菌的增殖情况。研究显示,宿主组织中的一些沙门氏菌长得非常快,能生成大量子细胞,使疾病越来越严重。不过,绝大多数细菌的营养供给有限,生长得非常缓慢。

谁才是最大的障碍

细菌生长速度对于抗生素治疗有怎样的影响?对受到沙门氏菌感染的小鼠进行抗生素治疗,能够很快缓解小鼠的疾病症状。但治疗五天后,一些细菌仍能在组织中生存,意味着感染有复发的危险。“我们第一剂抗生素可以杀死90%的沙门氏菌,尤其是那些长得快的细菌”Bumann说,“然而,不生长的沙门氏菌能在治疗中存活,治疗的成功取决于沙门氏菌的复制速度。”

正因如此,目前许多研究者都在对“休眠”细菌进行研究。但出乎意料的是,这项研究表明休眠细菌并不是抗生素治疗面临的最大挑战。“相反,缓慢生长的沙门氏菌更为重要。它们耐受抗生素的能力虽然稍逊于休眠细菌,但它们的数量更大,一旦组织中的抗生素水平下降就会快速生长,造成感染和疾病的复发。我们看到,缓慢生长的致病菌在整个治疗过程中占据着主要地位。

更好的理解缓慢生长的细菌,可以帮助我们缩短抗生素的使用疗程,进行更有特异性的治疗。“许多疾病目前仍需要用药几周甚至几个月,我们的发现对这些疾病特别有意义。”Bumann说。

原始出处:

Claudi B1, Spröte P2, Chirkova A1, Personnic N1, Zankl J3, Schürmann N1, Schmidt A4, Bumann D5.Phenotypic variation of salmonella in host tissues delays eradication by antimicrobial chemotherapy.Cell. 2014 Aug 14;158(4):722-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.045.


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    2015-07-09 维他命
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    2014-08-22 cooco

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