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PNAS:线虫神经元再生或有助于瘫痪患者神经细胞再生

2016-04-17 MedSci MedSci原创

近日,一项新发现秀丽隐杆线虫神经元研究可能有助于人类中枢神经系统(CNS)的再生,由此揭示了成人神经系统或有再生的能力。该发现发表在《美国国家科学院学报》上,很快脊髓损伤和瘫痪的人的神经细胞再生有望被治疗。波士顿大学医学院(BUSM)研究员和通讯作者Christopher V. Gabel博士解释说,“我们描述的秀丽隐杆线虫神经元的再生与之前发现的再生途径无关。”这种新的再生与动物发育时的神经元生

近日,一项新发现秀丽隐杆线虫神经元研究可能有助于人类中枢神经系统(CNS)的再生,由此揭示了成人神经系统或有再生的能力。

该发现发表在《美国国家科学院学报》上,很快脊髓损伤和瘫痪的人的神经细胞再生有望被治疗。

波士顿大学医学院(BUSM)研究员和通讯作者Christopher V. Gabel博士解释说,“我们描述的秀丽隐杆线虫神经元的再生与之前发现的再生途径无关。”这种新的再生与动物发育时的神经元生长相关。“这项实验更为容易,研究再生功能比以前快多了。”秀丽隐杆线虫的再生功能与哺乳动物的中枢神经系统再生功能相关。

研究人员使用脉冲激光器切割神经元并测量了大量的再生产物。他们发现,这些神经元通常切割后不可再生。然而,如果研究人员完成了对有特定遗传缺陷的蠕虫的实验或切断了一个神经元的两种不同纤维,那么它们就会有强健的再生功能。

“成人中枢神经系统神经元(如大脑和脊髓中)的最后发育阶段失去了应对受伤的再生能力。”Gabel解释说,他是波士顿大学医学院生理学和生物物理学助理教授。这就是为什么中枢神经系统损伤会导致永久性损伤和麻痹。“但是,当两个损伤是由相同的神经元造成时,值得注意的是, 人类中枢神经系统的一些细胞可强劲再生,该现象称为损伤调节,这与秀丽隐杆线虫实验惊人地相似。”

Gabel期望能够识别导致这种效果的基因,他们设想秀丽隐杆线虫可以作为模型来研究哺乳动物中枢神经系统的再生功能。“我们希望该发现可提高人类大脑的先天再生能力。最终,这可能会使许多遭受永久性神经损伤的人通过可行的治疗恢复健康。”

小知识:

秀丽隐杆线虫是一种生命只有几天的,无毒无害、可以独立生存的线虫,自1974年起就被当作分子生物学和发育生物学中的“模式生物”。这是一种看上去非常简单的生物:身长大约1毫米,为雌雄同体,雄性个体仅占群体的0.2%,可自体受精或双性生殖;在20℃下平均生活史为3.5天,平均繁殖力为300至350个;但若与雄虫交配,可产生多达1400个以上的后代。一只秀丽隐杆线虫由959个细胞组成,其中有302个是神经元,95个是肌细胞。早在1980年代,生物学家们就搞清楚了秀丽隐杆线虫302个神经元的连接方式;然而,过去26年中所有尝试模拟其完整神经系统的努力均以失败告终。


1997年和1998年,美国俄勒冈大学和日本的一组研究人员就分别尝试过建立秀丽隐杆线虫的完成模型,包括整个身体的每一个神经元、突触,以及完整的感觉形态。两个项目都是只公布了最初的计划,然后就再无下文。此后,从2004年到2010年间,日本、英国、美国的研究人员还开展过类似项目,有一些收获,但远非完整。


尽管一只秀丽隐杆线虫只有302个神经元,但根据2011年发表的一项研究,秀丽隐杆线虫的躯体神经系统含有6393个化学突触、890个缝隙连接、1410个肌肉神经接点。即便人们已经很清楚神经元的连接方式,但突触是如何行为的仍是正处于研究之中的课题。


原始出处:

Chung SH, Awal MR, Shay J, McLoed MM, Mazur E, Gabel CV. Novel DLK-independent neuronal regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans shares links with activity-dependent ectopic outgrowth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Apr 12. pii: 201600564

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    2017-01-09 drwjr
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    2016-04-19 李继凯

    不错的文章

    0

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    2016-04-19 李继凯

    值得关注

    0

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    2016-04-19 zblhy
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    2016-04-17 dhzzm

    希望有更多的突破

    0

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