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JCEM:胎儿接触大麻和儿童代谢结果

2022-04-27 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

大麻使用者所生的新生儿更有可能出现宫内生长受限和低出生体重。

背景:美国孕妇使用大麻的人数正在上升。在2002年至2017年期间,自我报告的使用增加了一倍多(从3.4%增加到7.0%)。然而,自我报告可能会低估实际使用情况。2016年在科罗拉多州进行的一项研究显示,22.4%的孕妇在脐带组织中检测到了羧基化形式的δ9-四氢大麻酚(THC-COOH),而只有2.6%的孕妇自称使用过。

孕妇越来越多地使用大麻并非没有风险。大麻使用者所生的新生儿更有可能出现宫内生长受限和低出生体重。生长受限的后代可能会经历过度的出生后追赶生长,这种模式与晚年患肥胖症、代谢综合征和2型糖尿病病的风险增加有关。然而,胎儿接触大麻对后代代谢结果的潜在影响知之甚少。Gillies及其同事最近的一项研究表明,在雌性Wistar大鼠后代中,胎儿暴露于THC与β细胞质量减少和葡萄糖不耐受有关。在一项基于大规模人群的队列研究中,CajachaguaTorres及其同事观察到,自我报告的母亲或父亲在怀孕期间使用大麻与10岁子女中较高的体重指数(身体质量指数)有关。然而,他们报告说这与非空腹血糖水平无关。鉴于数据的缺乏,有必要进一步研究这个新颖的研究问题,尤其是在幼儿期。

目的:评估胎儿暴露于大麻对早期生活中肥胖和葡萄糖-胰岛素特征的影响。

研究设计和方法:我们利用了来自Healthy Start的103对母子子样本,这是一个基于科罗拉多州的多种族队列。在孕27周的孕妇尿液中检测了12种大麻素/大麻代谢物(包括δ9-四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚)。胎儿对大麻的暴露分为暴露(任何大麻素>检测限[LOD])和未暴露(所有大麻素< LOD)。在随访时(平均年龄:4.7岁),通过空气置换体积描记法测量脂肪质量和无脂肪质量。隔夜禁食后获得葡萄糖和胰岛素。广义线性模型估计了胎儿接触大麻与肥胖指标(脂肪质量[kg]、无脂肪质量[kg]、肥胖[脂肪质量百分比]、体重指数[身体质量指数]和身体质量指数z评分)和代谢指标(葡萄糖[mg/dL]、胰岛素[uIU/mL]和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估[HOMA-IR])之间的关联。

结果:大约15%的妇女有任何大麻素的可检测水平,表明胎儿暴露于大麻。暴露的后代脂肪量较高(1 . 0kg;95% CI,0.3-1 .7),去脂质量(1 . 2kg;95% CI,0.4-2.0),肥胖(2.6%;95% CI,0.1-5.2),以及空腹血糖(5.6mg/dL;95%可信区间,0.8-10.3)。没有发现与空腹胰岛素(在完全调整的模型中)、HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数、身体质量指数或身体质量指数z评分有关联。

表1 健康之星的103名合格参与者中12种大麻素和大麻素代谢物的尿液浓度和简要描述(ng/mL)

表2 健康起点的胎儿大麻暴露和儿童期肥胖,n = 103

表3健康开始时胎儿接触大麻和儿童期代谢结果,n = 88

结论:我们提供了新的证据,表明胎儿暴露于大麻与儿童期肥胖和空腹血糖增加有关,这一发现应该在其他队列中得到验证。

原文出处: Moore BF,  Sauder KA,  Shapiro ALB, et al.Fetal Exposure to Cannabis and Childhood Metabolic Outcomes: The Healthy Start Study.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 Mar 31

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    2022-10-04 docwu2019
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    2023-01-10 smallant2015
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    2022-05-16 赛华佗
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    2022-04-29 kcb069

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