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Science:揭秘体重增加的“幕后”:代谢、吸脂的昼夜节律,竟然由肠道菌掌控...

2019-09-29 佚名 中国生物技术网

肠道微生物,小身材,大作用!无时无刻都在影响着我们的健康。近日,一项研究发现,这些生活在哺乳动物肠道的细菌,还支配者体内脂质(脂肪)吸收的代谢节律。

肠道微生物,小身材,大作用!无时无刻都在影响着我们的健康。近日,一项研究发现,这些生活在哺乳动物肠道的细菌,还支配者体内脂质(脂肪)吸收的代谢节律。

这项发表在《Science》的研究中,缺乏肠道微生物组的小鼠失去了正常微生物组情况下脂肪摄取的节律性模式。这表明了食物代谢、脂肪吸收的昼夜节律是由肠道微生物来设定的。肠道微生物的失调或昼夜节律被扰乱,代谢也将随之受到影响。

该研究通讯作者、美国德克萨斯大学西南医学中心免疫学主席Lora Hooper博士说:“我们的研究表明,肠道微生物组控制着小肠的代谢节律,在调节宿主代谢方面发挥着重要作用。”

这项研究缘于Hooper与分子生物学主席Eric Olson博士实验室合作开发了一种仅在肠内壁缺少组蛋白脱乙酰基酶3(HDAC3)的小鼠。HDAC3是一种通过从组蛋白中去除乙酰基来抑制基因活性的蛋白质。当他们培育的小鼠在食用正常鼠粮时似乎没有什么特别之处。然而,当小鼠被喂食高脂肪高糖的食物时,研究人员发现了“亮点”。

Hooper说:“我们称之为垃圾食品的饮食,喂食这种饮食的小鼠都会变胖。但令我们惊讶的是,那些肠内没有HDAC3的小鼠即使吃了高脂肪高糖的食物也能保持苗条。”

接下来,研究团队将缺乏HDAC3的小鼠与无菌小鼠进行了比较,发现两组小鼠均显示出非节律性组蛋白修饰,证实了HDAC3在昼夜节律中的重要性。HDAC3开启了与脂肪吸收相关的基因,它与肠道内的生物时钟机制相互作用,以改善蛋白质的有节奏的起伏与流动,从而增强脂肪的吸收。这种调节白天发生在人身上,晚上发生在小鼠身上。

HDAC3还通过与另一种蛋白质结合并操纵一种名为CD36的基因表达来促进脂肪吸收,而CD36与脂质运输有关。HDAC3直接激活CD36,而不是通过组蛋白去乙酰化或抑制基因活性。



图片来源:Science

体内的每个细胞都有一个控制身体进程的分子时钟。这项小鼠研究表明,HDAC3附着在该细胞时钟的机制上,以确保哺乳动物在清醒进食时的脂肪吸收率最高。

她说:“我们的结果表明,微生物组和昼夜节律时钟已经进化在了一起,以共同调节新陈代谢。”

为什么这个进化系统会演变成使我们更容易发胖?Hooper认为,在食物匮乏的环境中,哺乳动物可以通过进化有效地利用能量来增强免疫力。

她说:“这种调节作用可能并没有进化到让我们变胖,但是当与如今高糖高热量的饮食相结合时,就会导致肥胖症。”她补充说,这只是推测,该研究团队仍在努力了解这一途径的所有组成部分。

Hooper解释道:“事实上,微生物组与体内的代谢机制沟通,使脂肪吸收更加有效。但当脂肪过多时,这种交流可能会导致肥胖。是否同样的事情也发生在其他哺乳动物身上,包括人类中,这是未来研究的主题。”

Hooper补充说:“我们的研究结果还表明,扰乱微生物组与人体生物钟之间的相互作用可能使我们极易变得肥胖。这种现象在现代生活中经常发生,如服用抗生素、睡眠中断或熬夜等。我们的研究结果可能最终会产生新的治疗肥胖或营养不良的方法。”

没有参与这项研究的美国乔治亚州立大学的微生物学家和免疫学家Andrew Gewirtz说:“这项研究结果突显出宿主与其微生物组是如此的相互交织。这是一种非常亲密的互动,调节着像昼夜节律这样基本的事情,是相当令人惊讶的。”

美国拉什大学医学中心的Faraz Bishehsari和Ali Keshavarzian在评论中说道:“如果真是这样,肠道代谢中微生物组和昼夜节律波动之间的合作将增加我们祖先从食物中摄取能量。这可能有利于克服食物匮乏和富含植物的低热量饮食的压力。但是,在食物丰富的社会,这可能会对人类健康产生相反的作用。”

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    2021-07-24 懒惰的医学生

    肠道菌群值得研究

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    2019-10-03 thm112988

    0

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    2019-10-01 jichang
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    2019-09-29 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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