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ASCO 2016:揭秘免疫增强疗法为何仅对部分黑色素瘤患者有作用

2016-06-06 佚名 生物谷

近日,发表在2016年美国临床肿瘤学会年会上的一项研究报告中,来自纽约大学医学中心等机构的研究人员通过研究发现,对利用自身免疫细胞摧毁肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞肿瘤的癌症疗法没有反应的患者,或许在开启或关闭这些细胞的机制上存在着相同的改变;研究者表示,基因失调的模式会引发T细胞回归至未成熟的状态,从而使得T细胞抵御黑色素瘤的效力下降。Jeffrey Weber博士说道,对于很多黑色素瘤患者而言,机体遗传异

近日,发表在2016年美国临床肿瘤学会年会上的一项研究报告中,来自纽约大学医学中心等机构的研究人员通过研究发现,对利用自身免疫细胞摧毁肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞肿瘤的癌症疗法没有反应的患者,或许在开启或关闭这些细胞的机制上存在着相同的改变;研究者表示,基因失调的模式会引发T细胞回归至未成熟的状态,从而使得T细胞抵御黑色素瘤的效力下降。

Jeffrey Weber博士说道,对于很多黑色素瘤患者而言,机体遗传异常或表观遗传调节异常往往是引发免疫疗法失败的原因,近些年来,利用基于免疫的癌症疗法治疗恶性黑色素瘤患者的数量逐渐增加,而且这种疗法也使得患者生存期超过5年的比例从10%增加到了30%;然而仍然有很多患者并不能因这种免疫疗法而获益,其中部分原因归咎于患者机体的肿瘤细胞会抑制T细胞群体的功能,而调节基因活性的因子同样和T细胞功能直接相关,而这些因子在疗法的失败中也扮演着重要角色。

这项研究中,研究人员对24名黑色素瘤患者机体的基因进行了分析,研究者阐明了患者机体表观基因组的模式改变或DNA的化学修饰改变,目的是揭示为何免疫增强疗法对某些黑色素瘤患者无效,他们表示,表观遗传学改变会刺激或停止基因活性的改变,而基因活性的变化在疗法失败中占据重要角色,随后研究者有寻找了控制这些表观遗传改变的基因。

研究者在对免疫疗法并无反应的患者机体中找到了60多个表观遗传改变以及10处基因活性改变,其中很多改变都已经被发现可以控制CD4和CD8免疫T细胞的成熟,而这些免疫细胞可以有效识别并攻击癌细胞。下一步研究者计划开展更多的表观遗传学分析并且对更多恶性黑色素瘤患者进行试验来证实他们的研究结果。

研究者Woods表示,在异常T细胞生长的过程中对其重编程或许就可以增强免疫疗法的效力,尤其是当将新的T细胞输入患者机体中并结合一些免疫增强制剂如白细胞介素2等进行治疗时。尽管转移性的黑色素瘤是一种最常见的皮肤癌,同时这种癌症也是一种最具致死性且易于扩散的皮肤癌;过去30年里,仅有不到10%的患者生存期超过了10年,据估计每年在美国就有1万人死于黑色素瘤。

原始出处:
NYU Langone Medical Center / New York University School of Medicine.Why immune-boosting therapy doesn't work for everyone with widespread melanoma.June 4, 2016


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    2016-06-25 sunylz
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    2016-07-30 quxin068
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