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经典参数估计方法:普通最小二乘(OLS)、很大似然(ML)和矩估计(MM)、很大后验估计、贝叶斯估计

2016-06-11 MedSci MedSci原创

普通最小二乘估计(Ordinary least squares,OLS) 1801年,意大利天文学家朱赛普?皮亚齐发现了第一颗小行星谷神星。经过40天的跟踪观测后,由于谷神星运行至太阳背后,使得皮亚齐失去了谷神星的位置。随后全世界的科学家利用皮亚齐的观测数据开始寻找谷神星,但是根据大多数人计算的结果来寻找谷神星都没有结果。时年24岁的高斯也计算了谷神星的轨道。奥地利天文学家海因里希?奥尔伯斯根据

参数估计(Parameter Estimation)在统计学领域有两个学派:频率学派(最大似然估计MLE、最大后验估计MAP)与贝叶斯学派(贝叶斯估计BPE) 。频率派认为参数是客观存在,不会改变,虽然未知,但却是固定值;贝叶斯派则认为参数是随机值,因为没有观察到,那么和是一个随机数也没有什么区别,因此参数也可以有分布,个人认为这个和量子力学某些观点不谋而合。 频率派最常关心的是似然函数,而贝叶斯派最常关心的是后验分布。我们会发现,后验分布其实就是似然函数乘以先验分布再normalize一下使其积分到1。因此两者的很多方法都是相通的。贝叶斯派因为所有的参数都是随机变量,都有分布,因此可以使用一些基于采样的方法(如MCMC)使得我们更容易构建复杂模型。频率派的优点则是没有假设一个先验分布,因此更加客观,也更加无偏,在一些保守的领域(比如制药业、法律)比贝叶斯方法更受到信任。因此,参数估计也分为经典参数估计方法(普通最小二乘(OLS)、最大似然(ML)和矩估计(MM))和贝叶斯估计。普通最小二乘估计(Ordinary least squares,OLS) 1801年,意大利天文学

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89739, encodeId=14f989e39fb, content=厉害!不过还是看不懂,怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8c41734875, createdName=WEIXINb3b3c07d, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 12:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89496, encodeId=8b378949642, content=有点难啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89497, encodeId=1e088949e27, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89416, encodeId=d7538941670, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 16:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-13 WEIXINb3b3c07d

    厉害!不过还是看不懂,怎么办

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89739, encodeId=14f989e39fb, content=厉害!不过还是看不懂,怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8c41734875, createdName=WEIXINb3b3c07d, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 12:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89496, encodeId=8b378949642, content=有点难啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89497, encodeId=1e088949e27, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89416, encodeId=d7538941670, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 16:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-12 milkshark

    有点难啊

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89739, encodeId=14f989e39fb, content=厉害!不过还是看不懂,怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8c41734875, createdName=WEIXINb3b3c07d, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 12:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89496, encodeId=8b378949642, content=有点难啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89497, encodeId=1e088949e27, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89416, encodeId=d7538941670, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 16:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-12 milkshark

    这个不错

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89739, encodeId=14f989e39fb, content=厉害!不过还是看不懂,怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8c41734875, createdName=WEIXINb3b3c07d, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 12:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89496, encodeId=8b378949642, content=有点难啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89497, encodeId=1e088949e27, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89416, encodeId=d7538941670, content=了解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Jun 11 16:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-11 gyczyxy

    了解

    0

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