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PNAS:美研究人员研制出新型血检,可快速诊断结核病仅需两个半小时

2017-03-28 新华社 林小春

美国研究人员3月27日在美国《国家科学院学报》上报告说,他们研制出一种新型血液检测方法,仅需两个半小时就能诊断结核病,并快速判断病人的治疗情况。这项成果可能有助改善结核病诊断方法。据世界卫生组织估计,全球每年有约1000万人患结核病,约200万人因结核病死亡,其中许多人死亡的原因是未得到诊断或确诊太晚以致无法治愈。全球有三分之一的人感染结核杆菌却并不发病,其中约10%的人最终会患上结核病。因此,研

美国研究人员3月27日在美国《国家科学院学报》上报告说,他们研制出一种新型血液检测方法,仅需两个半小时就能诊断结核病,并快速判断病人的治疗情况。这项成果可能有助改善结核病诊断方法。

据世界卫生组织估计,全球每年有约1000万人患结核病,约200万人因结核病死亡,其中许多人死亡的原因是未得到诊断或确诊太晚以致无法治愈。全球有三分之一的人感染结核杆菌却并不发病,其中约10%的人最终会患上结核病。因此,研究新型诊断方法和改进现有诊断方法成为当务之急。

美国亚利桑那州立大学等机构的研究人员通过纳米颗粒富集人体血液里结核杆菌多肽抗原,然后再使用质谱仪检测,纳米颗粒有提高质谱仪检测灵敏度的作用。与目前常用诊断方法需要4到6周的时间相比,新方法能把诊断时间缩短到两个半小时,每次检测的实验室成本在3美元左右。

研究负责人、亚利桑那州立大学胡晔副教授对新华社记者说,这项技术的最大特点就是血液检测,不需要依靠结核杆菌分离,不需要病人痰液样本。新方法准确度高,不仅可以检测肺结核,也可以对传统方法诊断困难的肺外结核、菌阴结核病、艾滋病伴发肺结核和儿童结核病做出诊断。

在目前耐药结核病日趋严重的情况下,新方法的另一个亮点是可以实现血液中抗原的量化检测,从而帮助医生快速甄别病人服药后的治疗情况。

据胡晔介绍,现有的结核病诊断方法不但缺乏准确性,存在误报或漏报可能,且耗时较长,一次检测需要数天甚至数周,不利于疾病的早发现、早治疗。尽管另有一种新技术能在两小时内做出诊断,但该技术无法区分所鉴定出的结核杆菌是活菌还是死菌,也无法做定量研究。

目前,胡晔等人正在与中国、南非和多米尼加等国的科研团队合作,针对不同的患病人群展开大规模临床试验。胡晔说:“(该方法)距离实用应该为期不远。

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    2017-06-23 drwjr
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    2017-03-30 Luyuxie_11

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