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Nat Med:遗传性PD-1缺失可引起肺结核病和自身免疫疾病

2021-06-29 xiaozeng MedSci原创

据估计,

据估计,全球约有25%的人口感染了结核分枝杆菌(Mtb),但只有5-10%的感染者最终发展为肺结核病(TB)。遗传因素是Mtb感染后发病的重要决定因素。

既往研究显示,两种罕见的单基因先天性免疫缺陷(IEI)是多个TB家系的基础:常染色体隐性(AR)IL-12Rβ1和TYK2缺失。二者均是通过阻碍T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤(NK)淋巴细胞响应IL-12和IL-23产生IFN-γ来引起肺结核病的。

虽然自身免疫是另一个重大的社会公共卫生负担。既往研究显示,程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)阻断后会出现包括TB和自身免疫疾病在内的不良事件,但其相关的分子机制尚不清楚。


在该研究中,研究人员报道了一名死于肺自身免疫疾病的遗传性PD-1缺失的肺结核患者。该患者的白细胞不表达PD-1或不响应PD-1介导的抑制反应。

遗传性PD-1缺乏症儿童罹患肺结核病和自身免疫疾病

研究人员发现,患者的淋巴细胞在分枝杆菌刺激下仅产生少量的IFN-γ,该表现类似于易患结核病的先天性IFN-γ缺陷患者。该表型是由Vδ2+γδ T细胞、粘膜相关不变T细胞和CD56bright NK细胞的联合消耗以及其他T细胞亚群的功能障碍所引起的。


此外,该患者表现出肝脾肿大以及总的、激活的RORγT+CD4-CD8-双阴性 αβ T细胞的扩增,该表现类似于具有淋巴组织增殖性自身免疫的携带STAT3功能获得性突变的患者。该表型主要是由活化的T淋巴细胞和单核细胞产生过量的细胞因子IL-6和IL-23,以及活化的T淋巴细胞表达STAT3依赖性RORγT所引起的。

PD-1的表达和功能分析

总而言之,该研究结果揭示了PD-1在调控抗分枝杆菌免疫和自我耐受方面不可或缺的作用,同时鉴定了潜在的分子靶标,以诊断和治疗肺结核患者以及PD-1阻断患者的自身免疫反应。


原始出处:

Ogishi, M., Yang, R., Aytekin, C. et al. Inherited PD-1 deficiency underlies tuberculosis and autoimmunity in a child. Nat Med (28 June 2021).

 

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    2021-09-27 liye789132251
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