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中国科学家首次将胃细胞转变成肝和胰腺细胞

2016-07-23 沈基飞 张郡 科学网 www.sciencenet.c

中国科学家首次将胃细胞转变成肝和胰腺细胞

 

科学网北京7月22日讯(通讯员沈基飞、张郡)从军事医学科学院野战输血研究所获悉,由该所王韫芳研究员、裴雪涛研究员带领团队取得了一项革命性研究成果——他们利用小分子化合物技术,成功将人体胃上皮细胞转变成多种潜能的内胚层祖细胞,后者可以被诱导分化为成熟的肝细胞、胰腺细胞和肠道上皮细胞等,为将来利用干细胞技术治疗终末期肝病、糖尿病等带来新的希望。7月21日,国际著名学术期刊《细胞—干细胞》杂志在线发表了这一重要成果,覃金华、王术勇、张文成三位博士是该论文的共同第一作者。此前,该院刘兵团队刚刚在《自然》杂志上发表关于发现造血干细胞起源问题的重磅论文。

专家介绍,该项研究突破了经典重编程对转录因子的依赖,丰富了干细胞再生生物学的理论体系,在国际上首次实现了利用小分子化合物诱导人体胃上皮细胞直接转换为内胚层祖细胞,为成熟肝细胞、胰腺细胞等内胚层来源的功能性细胞提供了安全、可控、有效的种子细胞来源,在个性化再生医学治疗、药物筛选和疾病模型构建中具有广阔的应用前景。利用该技术原理,人类有望实现其他组织细胞的命运转换,及其特定类型的疾病治疗和创伤组织修复再生。

据记者了解,诱导体细胞重编程的方法有许多,如核移植、基因诱导以及化学诱导等,目前主要指两个过程:其一,分化的细胞逆转回到全能性状态的过程;其二,从一种分化细胞转化为另一种分化细胞的过程。2007年,英国科学家约翰戈登和日本科学家山中伸弥经过长期研究发现,可以将皮肤细胞诱导成全能性干细胞,进而转变为心脏、神经等体细胞,打破了以前人们认为细胞命运是“无法转变的”这一局限性认识。因其规避了使用人体胚胎提取干细胞的伦理道德制约,并且具有个体特异性的优势,这一研究成果在全世界被迅速广泛应用,为研究治疗传统手段力所不及的疾病提供了巨大帮助,从而获得2012年诺贝尔生物或医学奖。

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    2016-07-24 oo902

    好厉害,值得学习

    0

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