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痤疮vs玫瑰痤疮,3大不同轻松分辨!

2022-02-21 何程 MedSci原创 发表于上海

作为皮肤科的常见疾病,痤疮和玫瑰痤疮都带有“痤疮”二字,但是他们确是不同的皮肤种类的疾病。本文就和大家介绍痤疮和玫瑰痤疮的异同。

作为皮肤科的常见疾病,痤疮和玫瑰痤疮都带有“痤疮”二字,但是他们确是不同的皮肤种类的疾病。本文就和大家介绍痤疮和玫瑰痤疮的异同。

 

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(图1 源于网络) 

玫瑰痤疮与痤疮复杂的发病机制与临床表现导致其诊断及治疗的复杂性,容易误诊为敏感性皮肤及其他面部红斑、丘疹性皮肤病。

有两方面原因使人们容易将两者混淆:

1.面部皮损看起来很相似,这两种疾病都可能出现丘疹和脓疱。

2.由于痤疮和玫瑰痤疮的一些皮损看起来很相似,在历史上曾将玫瑰痤疮作为痤疮一个亚型。

 二者具体在哪些方面不同呢?

一、发病机制不同

痤疮是以毛囊皮脂腺为单位的炎症性疾病,痤疮的发病机制涉及多因素之间复杂的相互作用,例如雄激素介导的皮脂腺分泌过盛、毛囊皮脂腺微生物群内的生态失调以及细胞免疫反应和其他先天因素。并且可能受遗传等因素的影响,可能与饮食相关。

首先皮脂和废旧角质的积累将小粉刺转化为封闭粉刺。接着毛囊口持续扩张,形成开放性粉刺,密集的角质、脂质的氧化和黑色素导致开放性粉刺的颜色变深。

最后,皮肤对痤疮丙酸杆菌的免疫反应有助于炎性丘疹和脓疱的发展,毛囊破裂后将细菌、促炎脂质和角蛋白释放到周围的真皮中,导致炎症恶化和/或结节形成。

 

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玫瑰痤疮的发病机制同样没有完全明确,目前认为主要与以下几种因素单独或者联合作用有关。

  • 先天的免疫系统——先天免疫系统功能障碍可能导致红斑痤疮慢性炎症和血管异常的发展。 

  • 微生物——蠕形螨和各种细菌(幽门螺旋杆菌等)均可以刺激皮肤,造成炎症反应。

  • 血管高反应——频繁和长时间的潮红是红斑痤疮的常见特征。

  • 紫外线——一种理论认为,紫外线可以促进血管生成和激活活性氧介导的先天免疫系统等机制导致红斑痤疮。

  • 遗传——有玫瑰痤疮家族史的人更容易患上这种疾病

二、诊断标准及好发年龄不同

 

玫瑰痤疮是一种常见累及面部皮肤的慢性炎症性皮肤病,又称酒糟鼻,主要表现为以面中央部为主的原发的阵发性潮红或持久性红斑伴毛细血管扩张、炎症性丘疹和脓疱疹,鼻部或面颊、口周增生肥大和纤维化,睑缘炎等一种或多种客观体征,可有灼热、刺痛、干燥或瘙痒等主观症状。

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可发生于各年龄阶段,多见30-50岁的中年女性。该病主要依靠临床症状和体征进行诊断,实验室检查结果仅供参考。见图1-4:

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图1

 

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图2

 

图片图3

 

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图4

 

痤疮是一种毛囊皮脂腺的慢性炎症性皮肤病,主要发生于面部、躯干上部等处,形成粉刺(白头和黑头)、红斑性丘疹、脓疱、结节等损害,皮损不仅分布于面部,还常发生于前胸及后背,无眼部。好发于青春期,大部分患者青春期过后症状可自然减轻或痊愈。见图5-7:

 

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图5

三、分型不同

玫瑰痤疮分为四型:

(1)红斑毛细血管扩张型:该型病理上主要表现为轻度水肿、毛细血管扩张及管周轻度炎症细胞浸润,见图8:

 

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图8

 

(2)丘疹脓疱型:该型病理上主要表现为血管及毛囊皮脂腺周围淋巴组织细胞的浸润。红斑毛细血管扩张型与丘疹脓疱型可以相互转换,但这两型通常不发展呈肥厚增生型。见图9:

 

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图9

 

(3)肥大增生型:该型病理上主要表现为皮脂腺单位的肥大和纤维组织增生。见图10:

 

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图10

 

(4)眼型:表现为眼睛异物感、光敏、视物模糊、灼热、刺痛、干燥或瘙痒等不适症状。眼型往往与其他3型合并存在,并与面部皮疹的严重程度无明显的平行关系。见图11:

 

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图11

痤疮按照国际改良分级法,共分为三度四级:

(1)轻(I级):粉刺为主要的皮损,可有少量丘疹和脓疱,总病灶数少于30个。见图a:

(2)中(Ⅱ级):有粉刺,伴有中等量的丘疹和脓疱,总病灶数在31~50之间。见图b:

(3)中(Ⅲ级):有粉刺,伴有大量丘疹和脓疱,偶见大的炎性损害,分布广泛,总病灶数在51~100之间,有少数结节。见图c:

(4)重(V级):除上述皮疹外,又伴有结节与囊肿,多数有疼痛并形成囊肿,结节囊肿在3个以上。见图d:

图片

图12

由于上述痤疮与玫瑰痤疮的临床症状较为相似,且可与玫瑰痤疮同时存在,医务工作者在临床诊断中应提高警惕,避免出现漏诊、误诊的情况。无论是痤疮还是玫瑰痤疮,都需要到正规医院科学就医、规范治疗,切勿私自用药。

参考文献:
[1]李吉, 谢红付. 玫瑰痤疮的定义及分型[J]. 皮肤病与性病, 2017, 39(2):2.
[2] 郑博岚, 谢红付. 玫瑰痤疮与皮肤屏障[J]. 皮肤科学通报, 2017, 34(4):6.
[3] 何黎. 玫瑰痤疮的诊断及鉴别诊断[J]. 皮肤病与性病, 2017, 39(2):3.
[4] 谢红付. 玫瑰痤疮临床鉴别诊断要点与治疗技巧[C]// 中华医学会全国皮肤性病学术年会. 2013.
[5] 谢红付, 李吉. 面部激素依赖性皮炎的诊断及鉴别诊断[J]. 中国医学文摘(皮肤科学), 2015(3):265-269.
[6] 杨川. 皮肤镜在玫瑰痤疮和面部脂溢性皮炎诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值[D]. 川北医学院, 2019.
[7] 陈凯冲. 痤疮分型论治的经验[J]. 医师在线, 2021, 11(16):2.
[8] 朱慧渊. 寻常痤疮辨证分型及论治[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2010, 12(9):2.

 

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    学习

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    2022-02-21 ms1000001573099445

    xuexile

    0

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    2022-02-21 carrotlyl

    感谢分享,长知识了……

    0

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    2022-02-21 355366180

    能转载不?

    0

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