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Eur Heart J:新冠病毒对心血管或有长期影响

2020-03-22 中国循环杂志 中国循环杂志

3月18日,四川大学华西医院心内科陈茂教授等联合英国学者,在《欧洲心脏病学杂志》上在线发表观点文章指出,新冠病毒感染不仅可导致急性心血管损伤,对患者的心血管系统可能还有长期影响。

3月18日,四川大学华西医院心内科陈茂教授等联合英国学者,在《欧洲心脏病学杂志》上在线发表观点文章指出,新冠病毒感染不仅可导致急性心血管损伤,对患者的心血管系统可能还有长期影响。

另外,合并基础心血管病的人可能更容易感染新冠病毒,其早期预后也较差。

因此,对于重症新冠肺炎患者(尤其有基础心血管病的患者)来说,多学科协同治疗以及长期临床随访是非常重要的。

作者指出,根据以往的呼吸道病毒感染流行数据,流感病毒感染有多种并发症,包括心肌炎、急性心肌梗死、心衰加重、低血压、心动过速或过缓、心律失常甚至心原性猝死等,这些可导致死亡风险大幅增加。

迄今已发表的最大样本量临床队列研究显示,在新冠肺炎患者中,急性心肌损伤、休克、心律失常的发生率分别为7.2%、8.7%、16.7%,重症患者中发生率更高。

另外,早期的新冠肺炎病例报告显示,高达50%的患者合并基础疾病,其中40%合并心血管病或脑血管病。有基础心血管病的人感染呼吸道病毒后,病情往往较重,预后不良的风险增加。

文章指出,在病毒感染的情况下,慢性心血管病可能会变得不稳定,这是感染后代谢需求增加和心脏储备能力下降之间的不平衡所致。

特别要注意有冠心病和心衰的患者,病毒感染诱导全身炎症后,冠脉斑块破裂的风险可能尤其高。

对于这些患者来说,要加强应用稳定斑块的药物,包括阿司匹林、他汀、β受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)。

另外,全身炎症的促凝效应可能会增加支架内血栓形成的风险。因此,在既往接受过冠脉介入治疗的患者中,应该考虑评估血小板功能和强化抗血小板治疗。

研究发现,血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)是新冠病毒的受体。心脏中也表达ACE2,这可能是新冠病毒感染导致心血管系统受损的潜在原因。

另外,全身炎症反应综合征可能是重症患者出现多器官衰竭(通常累及心脏)的机制之一。


呼吸道病毒对心血管系统的直接和间接影响


作者表示,目前缺乏针对流行性呼吸道病毒感染患者的长期随访数据。

一项针对25例存活SARS患者的代谢随访研究显示,在患者临床康复12年后,脂代谢紊乱依然存在。

而有研究表明,8例H7N9禽流感患者康住院期间出现的心脏异常,在其复后1年随访时已恢复正常。

作者认为,对于流行性呼吸道病毒感染患者来说,病毒表型、基线临床特征、疾病最初的严重程度以及即刻治疗手段可影响短期生存率,但其长期预后可能还要看肺外表现。

原始出处:
Tian-Yuan Xiong, et al. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J, ehaa231. Published: 18 March 2020

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    2020-03-24 zhaojie88
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    2020-03-24 slcumt
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    2020-03-22 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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