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Nat Rev Cardiol:2013血脂预防和治疗回顾

2014-02-14 iang dxy

ACC/AHA新版胆固醇治疗指南(以下简称:新指南)调强了他汀类药物的强化治疗。早期研究表明PCSK9抑制剂能显著降低低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平。同时,MicroRNA沉默和基因修复技术有望成为治疗血脂紊乱新策略。本文主要讨论2013年血脂紊乱预防和治疗进展。 新指南并未设定LDL-C和非HDL-C目标值,而是强调他汀类药物的强化治疗和生活方式的改善 新指南使用了新的公

ACC/AHA新版胆固醇治疗指南(以下简称:新指南)调强了他汀类药物的强化治疗。早期研究表明PCSK9抑制剂能显著降低低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平。同时,MicroRNA沉默和基因修复技术有望成为治疗血脂紊乱新策略。本文主要讨论2013年血脂紊乱预防和治疗进展。

新指南并未设定LDL-C和非HDL-C目标值,而是强调他汀类药物的强化治疗和生活方式的改善

新指南使用了新的公式进行动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病(ASCVD)的风险评估。新公式是基于5项大型研究,综合考虑了年龄、性别、种族、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平、收缩压、合并糖尿病、吸烟和高血压治疗情况。Framingham公式考虑了卒中风险,缺少家族早发ASCVD史。

新指南并未设定LDL-C和非HDL-C目标值,取而代之的是强调他汀类药物的强化治疗和生活方式的改善来降低ASCVD风险。 ASCVD二级预防主要推荐高强度他汀治疗,LDL-C降低≥50%;ASCVD高危患者的一级预防推荐中等至高强度他汀治疗,LDL-C降低30%-50%;ASCVD低危至中危患者的一级预防推荐低强度他汀治疗,LDL-C降低<30%。新指南推荐的LDL-C目标值与旧指南存在差异,并且未涉及非酒精性脂肪肝和类风湿性关节炎等。

根据新指南,不耐受他汀治疗或有家族性高胆固醇血症的患者经他汀治疗后, LDL-C水平未能达标(ESC和欧洲动脉粥样硬化协会仍推荐采用LDL-C目标值作为他汀治疗指南),需要进行其它治疗。  

他汀基础上加用AMG145,联用或不联用依折麦布,均显著增加ASCVD高危患者LDL-C和其他脂类达标率

LAPLACE-TIMI 57 II期研究中,高胆固醇血症患者接受不同剂量人单抗AMG145(安进公司,药品名Evolocumab)的治疗后,再进行他汀+依折麦布或他汀治疗单药治疗,之后每2周或4周接受AMG145治疗,90%和97%的高危患者LDL-C、apo-B和非HDL-C达标。通过LAPLACE-TIMI 57 II期研究表明,在他汀基础上加用AMG145,联用或不联用依折麦布均显著增加ASCVD高危患者LDL-C和其他脂类达标率。

LAPLACE-TIMI 57另一项分析显示,AMG145减少了32%的脂蛋白a水平(脂蛋白a是新发现的心血管危险因素)。同时,该II-III期试验表明MG145治疗家族性高胆固醇血症纯合子安全、耐受和有效。

PCSK抑制剂联合他汀治疗后,LDL-C控制理想

OSLER研究对1104名高胆固醇血症患者进行了为期1年的随访,每4周注射一次Evolocumab长期安全有效、且耐受性良好。其III期试验共纳入25000名高胆固醇患者,受试者接受最大剂量他汀联合依折麦布治疗后,LDL-C控制仍不理想。

与AMG145类似,患者接受PCSK抑制剂Alirocumab(赛诺菲公司)联合他汀治疗后,LDL-C降低达40%-72%。OSLER II–III期临床研究表明,PCSK9抑制剂有望例入新型降脂药。

另外, mipomersen(针对脂蛋白B mRNA从而减少LDL合成)和lomitapide(抑制极低密度脂蛋白合成)也有望批准。这些新药将用于先天性或获得性血脂紊乱的LDL-C水平控制,也会增加ASCVD高危患者LDL达标比例,并且疗效可能超越他汀的单独使用。

MicroRNA沉默和基因修复技术有望成为治疗血脂紊乱新策略



图1. microRNA成熟和基因抑制过程:Micro-RNA前体从细胞核释放入细胞浆,剪切后成熟的microRNA在Ardonaute蛋白2)蛋白协同作用下,通过mRNA剪切、翻译抑制或去腺苷化指导RISC(RNA诱导沉默复合物)沉默目的mRNA。

2013年,血脂紊乱的新治疗策略也在迅猛发展。特异micro-RNA ,miR-33可抑制多种介导细胞内胆固醇摄入的基因。Lldr 基因敲除小鼠注射抗miR-33 ASO 反义寡核苷酸后, HDL-C水平和细胞内胆固醇的外流增加,动脉粥样硬化斑块体积和巨噬细胞含量明显减少。

相反, miR-33 ASO治疗高脂饮食的Lldr-/-小鼠后, HDL-C水平不变,但动脉粥样硬化斑块显著减少。研究表明,当LDL-C已得到有效控制后,miR-33 ASO可减少 ASCVD风险。

同样地,基因修复可能开辟血脂紊乱和动脉粥样硬化治疗新领域。Apoe小鼠(LDL受体缺失易发生血脂紊乱和动脉粥样硬化)接受Apoe基因修复治疗后,血 LDL-C和甘油三酯水平降低了两倍, 同时HDL-C/HDL-C比例下降。基因修复还可以阻止粥样硬化病变发展、减少巨噬细胞和纤维聚集,不影响其他基因在胆固醇外流和炎症的作用。

2013年,他汀类药物仍是降脂治疗第一选择。单克隆抗体、miRNA ASO反义核苷酸治疗、基因修复等已崭露头角,但是新技术的高成本可能将其引入临床实践的主要障碍。

原始出处:
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis & Vasilios G. Athyros.Dyslipidaemia in 2013: New statin guidelines and promising novel therapeutics.Nature Reviews Cardiology 11, 72–74 (2014) doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2013.209

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1781660, encodeId=a1571e8166081, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5db8409ed8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cardiol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4097, encryptionId=5db8409ed8, topicName=Cardiol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 12:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879914, encodeId=75d018e991453, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 13 09:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7448, encodeId=d533e4484e, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Irea, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7449, encodeId=7f1ee449fe, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7450, encodeId=6adee450da, content=一定要自信看看才可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-09-13 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1781660, encodeId=a1571e8166081, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5db8409ed8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cardiol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4097, encryptionId=5db8409ed8, topicName=Cardiol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 12:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879914, encodeId=75d018e991453, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 13 09:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7448, encodeId=d533e4484e, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Irea, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7449, encodeId=7f1ee449fe, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7450, encodeId=6adee450da, content=一定要自信看看才可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-02-16 Irea

    好东西啊,多多学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1781660, encodeId=a1571e8166081, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5db8409ed8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cardiol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4097, encryptionId=5db8409ed8, topicName=Cardiol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 12:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879914, encodeId=75d018e991453, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 13 09:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7448, encodeId=d533e4484e, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Irea, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7449, encodeId=7f1ee449fe, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7450, encodeId=6adee450da, content=一定要自信看看才可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-02-16 180.169.131.87

    好东西啊,多多学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1781660, encodeId=a1571e8166081, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5db8409ed8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cardiol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4097, encryptionId=5db8409ed8, topicName=Cardiol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 12:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879914, encodeId=75d018e991453, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 13 09:00:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7448, encodeId=d533e4484e, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=Irea, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7449, encodeId=7f1ee449fe, content=好东西啊,多多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7450, encodeId=6adee450da, content=一定要自信看看才可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=180.169.131.87, createdTime=Sun Feb 16 17:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-02-16 180.169.131.87

    一定要自信看看才可以

    0

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APJCN:传统发酵黄豆食物对泰国北部停经妇女生殖性荷尔蒙、血脂和血糖之影响

黄豆及其制品中的异黄酮有许多健康效益。一些临床研究显示,饮食中的黄豆异黄酮可以缓解停经症状、降低乳癌发生风险、降低血胆固醇及血糖。在异黄酮产生的多种效益中,降低胆固醇和血糖似乎已被充分证实,然而,其他例如对生殖性荷尔蒙的影响则不确定且不一致。【原文出处】 本篇研究主要目的是探讨停经妇女摄取6个月的传统发酵黄豆后,对于其BMI、生殖性荷尔蒙、血脂质和血糖之影响。受试者来

Am J Gastroenterol:血脂与结直肠腺瘤的相关性

  目前有证据提示血脂异常与结直肠肿瘤相关,但此类证据较少。近日,来自韩国的研究者Moon Hee Yang发表论文,旨在研究血脂和载脂蛋白浓度与结直肠腺瘤发生率的相关性。研究指出,在这项大型横断面研究中,较高的血甘油三酯水平与非高级别腺瘤与高级别腺瘤日趋增长的发病率明显相关,同时较高水平的ApoA-1和HDL与非高级别腺瘤增长的发病率明显相关。该文发表在《美国胃肠病学杂志(A

ACC/AHA心血管预防指南放弃降脂目标值

美国心脏病学会(ACC)和美国心脏协会(AHA)11月12日发布了最新版降低心血管风险临床实践指南,要点包括:不再推荐具体的血脂治疗目标值,建议同时评估10年和终生心血管疾病风险,以及在估算心血管疾病风险时将卒中纳入考虑范围。 撰写这部指南的是曾经名为成人治疗专家组(ATP)Ⅳ的血脂专家组。这部调脂治疗指南将不可避免地受到巨大关注,原因是它不再推荐将低密度脂蛋白胆

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