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Cell Rep:中国科学家基于多孔硅微粒技术开发出了新型癌症疫苗

2015-05-07 佚名 生物谷

近日,发表于国际杂志Cell Reports上的一篇研究报告中,来自中国华中科技大学等处的科学家们通过研究表明,当将癌症抗原装载入硅微粒就可以大幅度提高癌症疫苗的效力;很多研究都揭示了装载抗原HER2的微粒不仅可以保护抗原免于过早被破坏,同时也可以刺激免疫系统识别并且攻击过表达HER2抗原的癌细胞。研究者Haifa Shen博士表示,仅需要向动物模型注射一个剂量的癌症疫苗或许就可以完全抑制肿瘤的生

近日,发表于国际杂志Cell Reports上的一篇研究报告中,来自中国华中科技大学等处的科学家们通过研究表明,当将癌症抗原装载入硅微粒就可以大幅度提高癌症疫苗的效力;很多研究都揭示了装载抗原HER2的微粒不仅可以保护抗原免于过早被破坏,同时也可以刺激免疫系统识别并且攻击过表达HER2抗原的癌细胞。

研究者Haifa Shen博士表示,仅需要向动物模型注射一个剂量的癌症疫苗或许就可以完全抑制肿瘤的生长,而本文的研究结果完全出乎我们的想象;利用多孔硅微粒(PSMs)进行体内和体外实验,结果显示,微粒可以在肿瘤活性和生长局部位点刺激产生强烈长效的先天性免疫反应。研究者首次表明,硅微粒可以作为一种载体对肿瘤抗原进行持续释放并且进行加工处理,但最重要的是研究者发现硅微粒本身就足以刺激机体1型干扰素效应,而且可以通过一种抗原呈递细胞转移至另外一种从而来维持长期的抗原释放效应。

在过去一年大约有23.5万女性被诊断为乳腺癌,而且每年有超过4万个体死于该疾病,开发一种抵御HER2的癌症疫苗或可帮助训练机体免疫系统来识别过表达HER2的癌细胞,从而将其摧毁,同时也不会对健康细胞带来任何副作用,但截至目前开发抵御HER2的癌症疫苗只取得了一些初步进展。

研究者指出,靶向作用HER2癌症蛋白质的疫苗目前正在开发中,但这些疫苗因为低效率地运输大多不是很有效果,而本文中研究者开发的由PSM介导的癌症疫苗不仅具有足够的潜力来靶向杀灭肿瘤细胞,而且可以修饰肿瘤的微环境使其可以癌细胞可以很轻松地被杀灭。PSM重要的一方面就是其可以刺激机体自身的免疫系统来攻击癌症,PSMs可以持续性地刺激呈递抗原细胞使其激活T细胞,同时其还会修饰肿瘤微环境以便毒性T细胞可以维持其活性。

PSMs的应用可以作为多种癌症疫苗的开发,而且可以装载多种诊断单一疫苗靶点的抗原来增强疫苗的效力;最后研究者Shen说道,本文研究中除了开发一种高效的乳腺癌疫苗外,我们也阐明了PSMs的多功能性,我们希望其可以作为一种平台来帮助更多的科学家们开发多种类型癌症的疫苗,从而为改善癌症患者的生存质量带来巨大帮助。

原始出处:

Xiaojun Xia, Junhua Mai, Rong Xu8, Jorge Enrique Tovar Perez, Maria L. Guevara, Qi Shen, Chaofeng Mu, Hui-Ying Tung, David B. Corry, Scott E. Evans, Xuewu Liu, Mauro Ferrari, Zhiqiang Zhang, Xian Chang Li, Rong-fu Wang, Haifa Shen.Porous Silicon Microparticle Potentiates Anti-Tumor Immunity by Enhancing Cross-Presentation and Inducing Type I Interferon Response.Cell Reports, April 30, 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.009

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