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患者就医 进入按病种付费时代

2017-04-13 佚名 新浪医药新闻

近日有媒体报道,福建从4月1日起,在全国率先实行患者就诊按病种付费,而且首批就明确了有100个病种在省属公立医院按统一价格付费。很多人或许对这个改变还不太清楚,实际上,各个省区对单病种付费已有尝试。

近日有媒体报道,福建从4月1日起,在全国率先实行患者就诊按病种付费,而且首批就明确了有100个病种在省属公立医院按统一价格付费。很多人或许对这个改变还不太清楚,实际上,各个省区对单病种付费已有尝试。

事实上根据今年“关于推进按病种收费工作的通知”发改价格〔2017〕68号要求:各地二级及以上公立医院都要选取一定数量的病种实施按病种收费,城市公立医院综合改革试点地区2017年底前实行按病种收费的病种不少于100个。各地要抓紧制定推进按病种收费的实施细则,于2017年6月底前向社会公布并组织实施。也就是说截止到2017年6月底以前全国各省份及直辖市都必须要陆续出台相关政策并向社会公布。

什么是按病种收费?

那么什么是按病种收费呢?一般按病种付费可以区分为三种方式,即单病种付费、按病种付费和按病种组付费。目前我们采用的是第二种按病种收费。按病种付费是指通过统一的疾病诊断分类,科学地制定出每一种疾病的定额支付标准。此付费标准是某种疾病的患者从入院到最终达到临床治愈标准出院,整个治疗过程所发生的就医费用,包括各类检查、检验、治疗、住院床位、护理、手术、医疗材料、用药等费用。这个标准应该是接近合情、合理、合法的医疗成本消耗。

它的特点是医疗机构的收入仅与每个病例及其诊断有关,而与医疗机构治疗该病例所花费的实际成本无关。患者在医院无论花费多少,都将按照“付费标准”来付费,超出部分由医院自行承担,如果患者的医疗费用低于定价,也不存在退费的情况。因此,确定单病种付费标准就成为按病种付费方式改革的关键。

按病种收费“顶端”设计

今年2月8日,国家卫生计生委召开新闻发布会,介绍“进一步改善医疗服务行动计划”有关情况。会上,有记者问:网上有些医生反映按病种付费实施以后,有一些医疗服务有一些倒退,这是什么原因,是不是临床路径管理还不是很到位?

卫生部医政司医疗服务管理处处长焦亚辉回应称,从全球来看,每一种付费方式都是有利有弊的,按病种付费最大的问题是有可能造成医疗不足,按照传统的按项目付费有可能出现过度医疗,按照总额预付好处就是鼓励医务人员多做预防,病人不得病,结余下来的资金作为收入,所以各有利弊。

在推行按病种付费之前,2009年开始就大力推行临床路径管理,临床路径管理是按病种付费的基础,它最大的特点就是信息透明,每一天患者要接受什么样的检查、治疗,医方患方都清清楚楚。所以大力推行临床路径管理,到去年年底,已经印发了1010个临床路径,应该说已经覆盖了绝大多数的临床病例,与全球其他国家相比,中国临床路径的数量也是相当多的,这是一个重要的基础。在这个基础之上卫计委制定单病种付费。

国家卫计委新闻发言人、宣传司司长毛群安随也表示,支付方式的改革是深化医改的非常重要的方面,大家感受到目前按服务项目付费的方式,应该说带来些问题。所以,卫计委鼓励采取包括按病种付费在内的支付方式的改革。卫计委从管理的角度会避免问题的产生,因为采取这种付费方式,在国外的经验也是就要是注意考虑一些服务不足的问题,卫计委会在管理上考虑,但还是鼓励要这个方向,实施支付方式的改革,这样对于深化医改,特别是在临床治疗的环节上,能够减少过度服务问题,卫计委倾向于通过支付方式的改革来减少不必要的费用负担和可能由于过度医疗给患者带来的健康危害。

按病种付费需要注意的问题

虽然按病种付费是以疾病诊断为标识,是对治疗结果的管理,但结果是由诊疗过程造就的,在按病种付费的管理过程中,有一些特殊患者以及实际操作情况也应该及时调整。

一、要考虑个体差异带来的“医疗纠纷”风险。由于诊治过程也有较大的个体差异性,疾病的发展存在一定的不确定性,同一疾病的复杂程度不一样,以及医患对治疗效果存在认知程度的不同,同一诊断下,少数病例的费用可能会明显高于确定的付费标准。

例如急性阑尾炎有四种临床类型:急性单纯性阑尾炎、急性化脓性阑尾炎、急性坏疽及穿孔性阑尾炎、阑尾周围囊肿四种情况的阑尾炎治疗起来费用肯定不会相同,如果在具体的治疗过程中出现合并症及病种变异等,将迫不得已退出临床路径管理。术前可能与病人讲明是阑尾炎,可以按单病种收费,但手术过中,可能发现并非单纯性阑尾炎,又要告诉病人不能按单病种收费,这样就增大了医患之间的医疗纠纷风险。

因此,为了保障参保人员的权益,减少医疗机构推诿病人,应允许医疗机构对高费用的病例提出特例结算,应由医疗机构提出,经经办机构审核后,可按项目付费。

二、付费标准需要实施动态管理。随着按病种付费的实施,付费标准要根据临床技术的发展、社会经济的状况和医疗保险基金的支撑能力,要存在一个时间周期来因应变化做出适当的调整,对付费标准保持动态管理。

三、单病种收费是根据某个不含并发症,相对独立的疾病进行诊疗。且在诊疗的全过程中都进行独立的核算和费用总量控制,因此一些病种项目院方认为手续繁杂、界定存在困难、按临床路径收费标准低于实际费用而难以开展工作;而有的病种比如桡骨远端骨折,轻微病人不需住院治疗,在门诊治疗300至400元就可解决,而单病种收费却需要7000多元,远高于非单病种收费,患者也不愿接受单病种收费管理。

四、政府也应相应改善医务人员的收入待遇,保障医院的硬件建设和可持续发展。可以适当的采取“以奖代拨”的方法,给医院予以一定的补偿政策。同时,在医疗保险方面做一些积极的探索降低医务人员的医疗风险,适当减轻医务人员的压力和后顾之忧,以保持和提高医务人员的积极性。

总之,进一步完善与单病种管理相配套的医疗保障体系,才能让公立医疗机构有供应基本医疗服务的能力和动力,回归公益性和基本性。虽然因为管理水平的原因,这一改革在实施的过程中可能会面临一些问题,但是单病种结算改革的大方向是对的,是一个有意义的尝试。

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    2017-04-14 龙胆草

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957717, encodeId=b672195e717a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e57356459ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#按病种付费#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56459, encryptionId=e57356459ae, topicName=按病种付费)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=96f62500201, createdName=12498e67m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Jan 31 18:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1548258, encodeId=ae431548258d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e29a2536eb2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#付费#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25367, encryptionId=e29a2536eb2, topicName=付费)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d71414069159, createdName=ms4657536712156177, createdTime=Sat Apr 15 08:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187283, encodeId=185c18e283bc, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 08:05:19 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187233, encodeId=ea1018e233eb, content=学习一下很不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 00:34:13 CST 2017, time=2017-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187178, encodeId=c6c318e1781d, content=落后模式,未来一定会转入按价值付费,即ACO模式, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=张发宝-梅斯医学, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 21:55:08 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=187155, encodeId=211f18e15510, content=每种政策和制度都有它的两面性,不能太死板地拿来就当金标准, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Apr 13 18:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-14 1771ae4158m

    学习一下很不错

    0

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    2017-04-13 张发宝-梅斯医学

    落后模式,未来一定会转入按价值付费,即ACO模式

    0

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    2017-04-13 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    每种政策和制度都有它的两面性,不能太死板地拿来就当金标准

    0

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