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Neurology: 艾滋病患者,脑白质病变比普通人更明显

2021-03-22 Freeman MedSci原创

艾滋病患者,脑白质病变比普通人更明显

脑白质高信号病变(WMH)在FLAIR成像上变现为脑室周围或深部白质的高信号,在人群中非常常见,一般认为它们的病因是非特异性的,但被认为多由脑小血管疾病(CSVD)所致,并与年龄增加、脑血管疾病和痴呆风险增加有关。


在使用抗逆转录病毒药物得到良好控制的HIV感染者(PLWH)中,HIV感染对大脑的长期后果尚不清楚。这些药物能阻止病毒复制,但不能阻止病毒转录物或蛋白质的形成,而这些转录物或蛋白质可能对神经胶质或血管系统有害。

在PLWH中,即使在感染得到良好控制的情况下,也一直有脑MRI异常的报道,包括脑萎缩和弥散张量成像的指标异常,而且和认知障碍相关。也有证据表明,WMH在PLWH中更为常见,这可能与认知障碍相关。然而,用于估计异质性PLWH群体中WMH的各种方法,一些研究缺乏对照组,使得WMH在HIV疾病中的真正相关性和发病机制不确定。


藉此,美国NIH下属的国家神经系统疾病研究中的Yair Mina等人探究了HIV感染控制良好的患者与无HIV的对照组(CWOH)相比,WMH的频率、严重程度和临床相关性。


他们纳入了203名感染控制良好(抗逆转录病毒治疗至少一年,血浆病毒量<200拷贝/毫升)的PLWH患者,和58名PLWH和社会人口统计学匹配的无艾滋病毒对照组(CWOH)、

通过Fazekas视觉评分表评估WMH负荷。主要结果测量是WMH负荷增加,由Fazekas总分≥2确定。并进行多重logistic回归分析,以评估HIV血清状态对WMH负荷的影响,并确定PLWH组中与WMH相关的MRI、CSF和临床变量。

WMH Fazekas评分示意图 

 

他们发现,PLWH组WMH负荷增加的HR为3.7(p=0.0004)。对于PLWH组,WMH负荷增加与年龄较大、男性性别、吸烟、高血压、丙型肝炎病毒合并感染有关,也与CSF中存在可测量的肿瘤坏死因子-α有关。

这个聚焦于HIV患者中的研究,重要意义在于发现了HIV血清状态与CSF中存在的肿瘤坏死因子-α有关。而且HIV血清状态会影响脑WMH的程度,这种影响主要与衰老和可提前干预的共患病有关。


原文出处:


Association of White Matter Hyperintensities with HIV Status and Vascular Risk Factors
Yair Mina, Tianxia Wu, Hsing-Chuan Hsieh, Dima A. Hammoud, Swati Shah, Chuen-Yen Lau, Lillian Ham, Joseph Snow, Elizabeth Horne, Anuradha Ganesan, Stanley I. Rapoport, Edmund C. Tramont, Daniel S. Reich, Brian K. Agan, Avindra Nath, Bryan R. Smith
Neurology Feb 2021, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011702; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011702

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    2021-04-11 yinhl1978
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    2021-04-09 ms5000000892437705

    感谢好文!

    0

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The Lancet Global Health:艾滋病患者患宫颈癌风险高出常人6倍

宫颈癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,发病率在我国女性恶性肿瘤中居第二位。据2015年中国癌症报告显示,我国宫颈癌每年约有13万新发病例。

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