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Health Affairs:肥胖干预措施日见成效

2015-11-03 MedSci 译 MedSci原创

据最近发表在Health Affairs的研究表明,美国式饮食对民众的身体健康有一定的不良影响,改善民众的饮食方式可减少民众疾病的发生率和过早死亡的可能性。更进一步的研究表示,三项新型干预措施可降低美国儿童的肥胖率,同时又可降低医疗成本。这项研究由哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究人员共同完成,旨在突出美国式饮食中的健康问题,希冀能够引起人们的关注和重视。在第一项研究中,Dong Wang博士和他的同事们

据最近发表在Health Affairs的研究表明,美国式饮食对民众的身体健康有一定的不良影响,改善民众的饮食方式可减少民众疾病的发生率和过早死亡的可能性。更进一步的研究表示,三项新型干预措施可降低美国儿童的肥胖率,同时又可降低医疗成本。


这项研究由哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究人员共同完成,旨在突出美国式饮食中的健康问题,希冀能够引起人们的关注和重视。

在第一项研究中,Dong Wang博士和他的同事们分析了1999-2012年美国人饮食质量的变化及其对民众患病率和死亡率等的影响。通过使用2010年选择性健康饮食指南,他们对NHANES中的33885名美国成人的膳食质量进行了分析。 

他们还使用了两个长期研究的信息——护士健康研究和健康专业随访研究,参与人员约173000人。他们发现,在超过14年的时间里,健康的饮食习惯可使110万人免于过早死亡。1999-2012年间,随着民众饮食质量的改善,2型糖尿病患者人数减少了12.6%,心血管疾病患者数目减少8.6%,癌症患者人数减少了1.3%。由此表明,民众的饮食方式若稍做进步,则会大大降低他们的疾病患病率,并提高民众的生活质量。此外,研究表明,黑人的饮食质量最差,这可能与收入和受教育程度有关。 

研究人员强调,若想提高饮食质量和健康程度,需减少反式脂肪酸和含糖饮料的摄入。

在第二项研究中,Steven Gortmaker教授和他的同事们分析了儿童肥胖干预措施的成本效益。

研究人员通过对美国人口进行普查,基于当代研究结果,预计了肥胖干预措施对民众BMI、肥胖率和肥胖相关医疗成本的影响。 

三个潜在的干预措施及其相关的节省金额分别是:
对含糖饮料征税,将避免576000名儿童肥胖;
消除不健康食品的广告宣传,这将避免129100名儿童肥胖,每花费1美元医疗开销将节省32.53美元;
对非学校食堂售出的学校食物成立销售标准,这将避免345000名儿童肥胖,每花费1美元医疗开销将节省4.56美元。 

Gortmaker 教授强调,政府和医疗机构需要尽早采取措施,以避免儿童肥胖的出现,早期干预可降低民众肥胖率和相关死亡率及医疗费用。

原始出处:

Better American diets save lives, but more can be done.MNT.Nov 3,2015

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861034, encodeId=7bfe1861034bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Fri Jan 08 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=52295, encodeId=f5c752295cb, content=赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 22:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=52293, encodeId=4ce65229395, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=52294, encodeId=0dea5229434, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634523, encodeId=b0f7163452366, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786004, encodeId=06d41e8600413, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3f9e3701a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#FFA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7370, encryptionId=a3f9e3701a, topicName=FFA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ba9118, createdName=makuansheng, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 14:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621557, encodeId=b92e162155ede, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Thu Nov 05 08:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42486, encodeId=e5424248628, content=少吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=77e41648823, createdName=miaotao, createdTime=Wed Nov 04 12:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-08 shizhenshan
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861034, encodeId=7bfe1861034bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Fri Jan 08 11:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=52295, encodeId=f5c752295cb, content=赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 22:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=52293, encodeId=4ce65229395, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=52294, encodeId=0dea5229434, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634523, encodeId=b0f7163452366, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6974881243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#干预措施#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48812, encryptionId=b6974881243, topicName=干预措施)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a51a22195904, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 08:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1786004, encodeId=06d41e8600413, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3f9e3701a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#FFA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7370, encryptionId=a3f9e3701a, topicName=FFA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ba9118, createdName=makuansheng, createdTime=Sat Apr 16 14:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621557, encodeId=b92e162155ede, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Thu Nov 05 08:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42486, encodeId=e5424248628, content=少吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=77e41648823, createdName=miaotao, createdTime=Wed Nov 04 12:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-05 xyfg98

    赞一个

    0

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    2016-01-05 xyfg98

    0

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    2016-01-05 xyfg98

    好文章

    0

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    2016-04-16 makuansheng
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    2015-11-04 miaotao

    少吃

    0

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