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两篇Nature:癌症在原发肿瘤形成前即可扩散和转移

2016-12-20 生物探索 生物探索

导读 12月15日由美国西奈山伊坎医学院和德国Regensburg大学在Nature在线发表的两篇论文揭示:即使在原发性肿瘤形成之前,具有某些分子改变的乳腺癌细胞即可扩散到其他器官,先长时间保持沉默,然后被唤醒形成侵略性的、致命的乳腺癌转移。12月15日由美国西奈山伊坎医学院和德国Regensburg大学在Nature在线发表的两篇论文揭示:即使在原发性肿瘤形成之前,具有某些分子改变的乳腺癌细胞即

导读 12月15日由美国西奈山伊坎医学院和德国Regensburg大学在Nature在线发表的两篇论文揭示:即使在原发性肿瘤形成之前,具有某些分子改变的乳腺癌细胞即可扩散到其他器官,先长时间保持沉默,然后被唤醒形成侵略性的、致命的乳腺癌转移。



12月15日由美国西奈山伊坎医学院和德国Regensburg大学在Nature在线发表的两篇论文揭示:即使在原发性肿瘤形成之前,具有某些分子改变的乳腺癌细胞即可扩散到其他器官,先长时间保持沉默,然后被唤醒形成侵略性的、致命的乳腺癌转移。

研究人员说,他们发表在Nature中的发现是在动物模型中开展实验,并在人体样本中进行测试而获得的。这些发现解决了在这种新的肿瘤早期传播和转移模型中,不产生原发性肿瘤时,转移性乳腺癌如何形成的秘密。甚至,研究人员说临床上原发性肿瘤有可能从不会形成。两个团队现在都已经确定了允许细胞在癌症进展中早期传播并促进转移的机制。

西奈山团队发现乳腺癌无原发肿瘤即可转移

在西奈山的研究中,乳腺癌细胞的两个变化(一个开启的癌基因和一个关闭的肿瘤抑制基因)促使细胞从乳腺组织迁移到肺部和身体的其他部位。在那里,细胞保持静止,直到生长开关被激活并且在肺里出现转移瘤。

研究的通讯作者,西奈山的Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso博士说:“这项研究提供了洞察早期癌症传播的机制,并可能阐明了一些不明现象的原因:为什么全世界多达5%的癌症患者在没有原发性肿瘤的情况下却有癌细胞扩散?最重要的是,为什么这种早期扩散的癌症如此难以治疗。在生物学上,这种早期转移的新模式挑战了我们所知道的癌症如何扩散和形成转移瘤的一切,我们将不得不调整我们关于肿瘤转移话题的想法,我们希望这些发现将重塑我们思考如何治疗肿瘤转移的方式。”

西奈山研究团队的一个重要发现是:大多数早期扩散的细胞保持着休眠状态,而大多数化疗和靶向治疗针对的是那些增殖性细胞。因此,早期扩散的癌细胞会逃避这些常规治疗,即使它们已经杀死了原发性肿瘤。这项工作还提出了新的问题:早期扩散的癌细胞是如何促进肿瘤转移发展的?光是它们自己做到这点的吗?它们为后来到达的早期没被捉住的肿瘤细胞铺设了土壤还是与后来到达的癌细胞合作实现的?这项研究表明:完全理解如何靶向转移的癌细胞,必须探索早期扩散的新生物学机制。

德国Regensburg大学同期发表HER2+乳腺癌早期扩散文章

由德国Regensburg大学的Christoph Klein博士领导的和Aguirre-Ghiso博士共同撰写的论文也在同期的Nature杂志上发表了。Regensburg大学团队发现,癌细胞不仅可以从高度突变、明显进化和病理定义的侵袭性肿瘤扩散,而且可以从通常被认为不能扩散的早期癌症细胞扩散。团队成员提供了关于早期扩散是如何受到控制的其它关键机制的线索,并且在这项研究中证明了人类的肿瘤细胞和肿瘤的临床前研究结果。两个团队的研究人员独立完成了他们的研究,然后合作完成了该项目。

两组的研究人员都研究了乳腺癌的早期阶段,包括DCIS(乳腺导管原位癌),DCIS是一种非浸润性乳腺病灶,已经接受DCIS治疗的女性中有2-3%死于转移而未产生原发性肿瘤。第二篇论文的一个关键发现是,在小鼠模型中,80%的转移起源于早期扩散的癌细胞,而不是来自大型的肿瘤。事实上,Klein的研究小组鉴定出一种机制:在早期病变中癌转移比在大型肿瘤中更高效。
在这两项研究中,研究者发现早期癌细胞扩散是在雌性体内中产生乳管分支树的正常过程的延伸。两个主要途径(肿瘤抑制基因p38和癌基因HER2)在这个古老的过程中被激活。关闭p38并打开HER2可激活EMT(上皮至间质转化)信号通路的一个节点。 EMT在胚胎发生和组织发育期间促进细胞的运动。 Klein的论文还表明,控制乳腺树分支的孕激素受体信号传导对于通过调节参与EMT和生长程序信号在早期扩散中是非常重要的。

随着乳腺树状结构的发育,p38,HER2和EMT交替地打开和关闭,并与孕激素信号合作,允许乳腺细胞移动通过乳腺,并让流向乳头的乳管分支网络中空化。Aguirre-Ghiso博士说调整这些通路是形成空心支管的正常方式。

但在他们的实验中,他们发现如果HER2被过度激活或突变,并且p38被永久地关闭,EMT被不断地激活,允许细胞通过血液从乳腺移出并进入动物体内。

他说:“我们能够利用三维培养方式构建的类器官,并且在活的动物模型中直接使用高分辨率成像,以实际观察这些细胞进入乳管树状结构的血流并迁移到肺、骨髓和其它地方。我们以前没有想过癌基因和肿瘤抑制因子,这是这些途径的新功能。

乳腺癌早期传播与其它侵袭性肿瘤类似

执行高分辨率活体成像的Gruss Lipper生物光子学中心的主任John S. Condeelis博士指出,“我们惊奇地发现,来自DCIS样病变的癌细胞的扩散机制与在侵袭性肿瘤发现的机制类似,却可以表现出如此强大的扩散能力。这是一个新的见解,超出我们的期望。”

虽然这两个研究集中在乳腺癌早期传播的机制,但类似的过程也可以控制其他的人类癌症,包括黑色素瘤和胰腺癌的早期扩散和转移。Aguirre-Ghiso博士说事实上,胰腺癌早期扩散也与EMT过程相关。

在他们研究的关键途径中,西奈山研究人员正在寻找促进休眠癌细胞早期扩散以形成转移的生长开关。 Aguirre-Ghiso博士说:“虽然我们的研究结果为癌症的理解增加了一个全新的复杂程度,但同时,这些结果也为我们去阻止癌症的转移增加了力量,以最终解决癌症的大问题。”

原始出处:

[1] Researchers reveal how cancer can spread even before a tumor develops. Medical press. December 14, 2016

[2] Hedayatollah Hosseini,et al. Early dissemination seeds metastasis in breast cancer. Nature .14 December 2016.

[3] Kathryn L. Harper,et al. Mechanism of early dissemination and metastasis in Her2+ mammary cancer. Nature .14 December 2016.

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    2017-08-11 liye789132251
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    2017-01-15 laymankey

    先收藏再说,有空再拜读!

    0

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    2016-12-23 cqykthl

    感谢分享,战胜肿瘤仍然很远

    0

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    2016-12-20 1e19ab93m52(暂无匿称)

    谢谢很全面

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881534, encodeId=e92818815347f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Aug 11 11:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776481, encodeId=dd441e7648172, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f553e14927' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37149, encryptionId=6f553e14927, topicName=原发肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09b838947217, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Tue Jul 11 19:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1809078, encodeId=046018090e87e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0f982912b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82912, encryptionId=f0f982912b0, topicName=肿瘤形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=05a2499, createdName=dzx0922889, createdTime=Tue Sep 19 18:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=170394, encodeId=9bf71e03940f, content=先收藏再说,有空再拜读!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Sun Jan 15 00:29:06 CST 2017, time=2017-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165179, encodeId=f5ca1651e910, content=感谢分享,战胜肿瘤仍然很远, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Fri Dec 23 19:04:05 CST 2016, time=2016-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164448, encodeId=a942164448b1, content=谢谢很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eraU7351ZJJ0ibrDV4ZwEDuraejicNXXicNoictx8FB5KEc1mJsb3uxEz7mrnSGSmt2vjoVYxX3I3Eayg/132, createdBy=c8df1988044, createdName=1e19ab93m52(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Dec 20 18:24:58 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164355, encodeId=2b851643559e, content=这个意义很大啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/28/b98d19df2b2b101797f1ee2c271263af.jpg, createdBy=134a1605093, createdName=Isaacgong, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 11:33:37 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164350, encodeId=aa37164350f3, content=小编辛苦了!为我们整理如此齐全的资料,供学习探究。点赞啦!谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 11:26:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164340, encodeId=bc7c1643405d, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 10:35:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-20 Isaacgong

    这个意义很大啊

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881534, encodeId=e92818815347f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Aug 11 11:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776481, encodeId=dd441e7648172, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f553e14927' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37149, encryptionId=6f553e14927, topicName=原发肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09b838947217, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Tue Jul 11 19:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1809078, encodeId=046018090e87e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0f982912b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82912, encryptionId=f0f982912b0, topicName=肿瘤形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=05a2499, createdName=dzx0922889, createdTime=Tue Sep 19 18:29:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=170394, encodeId=9bf71e03940f, content=先收藏再说,有空再拜读!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Sun Jan 15 00:29:06 CST 2017, time=2017-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165179, encodeId=f5ca1651e910, content=感谢分享,战胜肿瘤仍然很远, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Fri Dec 23 19:04:05 CST 2016, time=2016-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164448, encodeId=a942164448b1, content=谢谢很全面, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eraU7351ZJJ0ibrDV4ZwEDuraejicNXXicNoictx8FB5KEc1mJsb3uxEz7mrnSGSmt2vjoVYxX3I3Eayg/132, createdBy=c8df1988044, createdName=1e19ab93m52(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Dec 20 18:24:58 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164355, encodeId=2b851643559e, content=这个意义很大啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/28/b98d19df2b2b101797f1ee2c271263af.jpg, createdBy=134a1605093, createdName=Isaacgong, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 11:33:37 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164350, encodeId=aa37164350f3, content=小编辛苦了!为我们整理如此齐全的资料,供学习探究。点赞啦!谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 11:26:19 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=164340, encodeId=bc7c1643405d, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Dec 20 10:35:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-20 ylzr123

    小编辛苦了!为我们整理如此齐全的资料,供学习探究。点赞啦!谢谢!

    0

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    2016-12-20 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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