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NEJM:院前对脑卒中患者用硫酸镁保护脑神经

2015-02-19 MedSci MedSci原创

院前对脑卒中患者用硫酸镁保护脑神经 背景 硫酸镁应用于处于脑卒中发作潜伏期的患者身上已被证明是有保护神经的作用,并且若是在脑卒中表现初期使用则可以体现出硫酸镁潜在的功效和可被接受的安全性能。但是推迟启动脑神经保护药物的研发这一态度和观点已经阻碍了脑神经保护药物研发早期的三期临床试验的进展。方式 我们随机分配怀疑发生中风的病人为两组,让他们在脑卒中症状出现的2个小时内分别接受静脉注射硫酸镁或者

背景

硫酸镁应用于处于脑卒中发作潜伏期的患者身上已被证明是有保护神经的作用,并且若是在脑卒中表现初期使用则可以体现出硫酸镁潜在的功效和可被接受的安全性能。但是推迟启动脑神经保护药物的研发这一态度和观点已经阻碍了脑神经保护药物研发早期的三期临床试验的进展。这项研究名为FAST-MAG(Field Administration of Stroke Therapy–Magnesium)临床试验(院前使用镁治疗卒中),结果发表于2月5日刊登在《新英格兰医学杂志》(New England Journal of Medicine)。2014年美国卒中协会(American Stroke Association)举办的国际卒中大会(International Stroke Conference)首次发布了这一研究的进展——对可疑卒中患者院前静脉注射硫酸镁急救,根据患者90天后残疾状况进行评判,该方法无效;但同时这一临床试验也证实,此类院前急救治疗措施是安全、可行的。

方法

我们随机分配怀疑发生中风的病人为两组,让他们在脑卒中症状出现的2个小时内分别接受静脉注射硫酸镁或者静脉注射安慰剂,使用的剂量是以恒定的滴速从病人到达医院之前医护人员开始注射硫酸镁或者安慰剂起,至病人到达医院后一个24小时值班的静脉输液中心开始为病人输液进行治疗为止。实验的初步结果是病人因患病导致住院平均接受治疗的时间是90天。通过对病人使用改良的兰金量表进行评估疾病严重程度,用分数衡量以得出结果。(分数范围是从0到6,分数越高表明疾病程度更严重。)

研究人员通过两个步骤,从可疑卒中患者中筛选出符合试验标准的受试者。这一程序包括急救人员首先进行约1-2分钟的Los Angeles院前卒中筛查(Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen),包含有8个项目;接着由医生通过无线电与急救人员对患者进行复查,以及患者本人或监护人法律上授权参与试验。

本次试验包含有1700名随机筛选出的可疑卒中患者,在症状出现后的两小时内接受硫酸镁或安慰剂静脉注射。急救人员在到达医院前给予患者负荷剂量,在到达医院后24小时内维持注射。
 
结果

在参与该实验的1700名患者中,有857名患者接受了静脉注射硫酸镁,843名患者接受静脉注射没有任何作用效果只是起对照作用的安慰剂。最终诊断显示,73.3%的患者为缺血性卒中,22.8%的患者为颅内出血,同时3.9%的患者为类中风症状。从出现症状到或者治疗的平均时间为45分钟。

他们的平均年龄为69岁,年龄范围是56-82岁。女性患者占42.6%,通过使用表示脑卒中严重程度的洛杉矶运动量表进行了预处理。(量表分数范围为0到10,,所得分数更高表明运动功能障碍更严重。)通过进行量表进行评分得出,患者的平均得分为3.7分。所得分数范围在2.4-5分之间。通过对病人进行最终的权威诊断,结果表明:73.3%的病人诊断为大脑局部缺血,诊断为颅内出血的患者占22.8%,3.9%的病人被诊断为短暂中风表现。从开始使用试验中的药物进行静脉注射治疗到最后病人得知脑卒中的临床表现消失,平均间隔时间大概是45分钟。(此数值由四分位数间距所得,平均用时范围在35到62分钟)。

74.3%的病人在症状出现后的第一个小时内接受了静脉注射实验所用药物,但是在平均恢复治疗时间为90天,并且使用表示脑卒中严重程度的洛杉矶运动量表进行测量评分的两组患者中并没有显著的差异。尽管两组分别使用硫酸镁及安慰剂进行治疗。通过使用Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel 测试得出P为0.28。这个数据意味着在接受硫酸镁和安慰剂进行治疗的两组中,通过量表所得分数并没有明显差异。(每组得分2.7分,P值为1.0)。两组患者的死亡率或严重不良事件的发生率并没有明显区别。(接受静脉注射硫酸镁即实验组为15.4%,接受安慰剂进行静脉注射即对照组为15.5%,P值为0.95)。硫酸镁组以及安慰剂患者在90天后用于测量残疾程度的全球改良Rankin评分(主要观测指标)分布并无明显区别,平均分均为2.7分。

结论

通过实验研究表明,在脑卒中症状出现最早的两个小时内使用硫酸镁是安全的、被认可的并且是可以保护脑神经的。但是在疾病治疗期间的90天内并没有明显改善疾病效果的作用。

评论
文章作者,来自位于美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的医学博士Jeffrey L. Saver指出:尽管使用硫酸镁作为神经保护剂的试验结果为阴性,但我们依旧能得到一些积极的信息。
 
需要特别指出的是:在与之前的试验相比,本次试验中护理人员到达可疑卒中患者的速度要快的多,试验中74%的患者在卒中后的60分钟内得到了救治;而这些护理人员在院前急救中对卒中病人的鉴别成功率也要高达96%。
 
卒中治疗“新时间”
 
Saver博士表示:“FAST-MAG试验为卒中患者的治疗打开了新的治疗时间。黄金时间——即在几乎所有的脑部疾病发生后的60分钟内仍能进行抢救的时间段——而通过这一试验,我们将这一抢救时间段变为潜在的治疗时间段。目前最重要的是找到在这一早期时间段内有效的治疗药物。FAST-MAG试验为医务人员在患者发生卒中后迅速应用药物,对有希望的治疗药物进行临床试验开拓出可行的方法。目前全球有多项试验正依据这一试验的方法,对可在黄金时间用于治疗急性卒中患者的待测药物进行测试,主要包括在美国加州和英国进行的硝酸甘油(nitroglycerin)治疗卒中的临床试验以及一氧化氮阻滞剂NA-1用于卒中治疗的临床试验等。”
 
作者在文章中指出:本次FAST-MAG试验除了针对硫酸镁用于卒中治疗进行研究外,尚有多个目标,其中主要包括开发和验证可在院前使用的神经保护药物的关键性临床试验的方法。

原始出处:
Saver JL, Starkman S, Eckstein M, Stratton SJ, Pratt FD, Hamilton S, Conwit R, Liebeskind DS, Sung G, Kramer I, Moreau G, Goldweber R, Sanossian N; FAST-MAG Investigators and Coordinators.Prehospital use of magnesium sulfate as neuroprotection in acute stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 5;372(6):528-36
 

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    2018-03-10 owlhealth

    不错耶.学习了

    0

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    2015-06-22 siiner
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    2015-07-11 豪斯009

    有参考价值

    0

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    2015-02-19 drhqh240

    到底是有用还是没用?

    0

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