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科学家定量评估吸烟风险:抽一支烟等于吸三天霾

2015-11-25 王 丹 健康报

日前,中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室王新明课题组,对吸烟的致癌风险进行了定量评估,并首次对我国市售香烟烟气中56种多环芳烃(PAHs)及其烷基化、含氧、含硫衍生物进行了广谱测定,绘制了相关指纹谱。结果显示,我国市售香烟中,苯并(a)芘等效浓度平均高达每支72纳克。“这意味着吸一支烟,苯并(a)芘摄入量相当于在雾霾天呼吸3天。”王新明说。 王新明介绍,PAHs是一系列含

日前,中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室王新明课题组,对吸烟的致癌风险进行了定量评估,并首次对我国市售香烟烟气中56种多环芳烃(PAHs)及其烷基化、含氧、含硫衍生物进行了广谱测定,绘制了相关指纹谱。结果显示,我国市售香烟中,苯并(a)芘等效浓度平均高达每支72纳克。“这意味着吸一支烟,苯并(a)芘摄入量相当于在雾霾天呼吸3天。”王新明说。

王新明介绍,PAHs是一系列含有两个以上苯环的聚环类有机毒害物,美国环保署列出的16种优先控制的PAHs中,苯并(a)芘是最早被证实的致癌物之一。按照我国《环境空气质量标准》要求,苯并(a)芘日平均浓度和年平均浓度限值分别为每立方米2.5纳克、每立方米1纳克。

王新明在接受采访时表示,课题组通过吸烟机系统采样分析我国13种市售香烟的主流烟气中PAHs的水平与组成,发现苯并(a)芘等效浓度平均高达每支72纳克。而近期研究团队对广州一段灰霾污染期间的空气质量监测显示,苯并(a)芘平均浓度为每立方米2.4纳克,按成人一天呼吸10立方米空气计算,成人连续3天暴露于这样的污染,所摄入的苯并(a)芘量可达72纳克。“由于吸烟是短时间高水平暴露,而呼吸污染空气是相对低剂量的长时间暴露,前者对健康的危害无疑更大。”

王新明表示,香烟烟气PAHs的来源几乎包括香烟燃烧在内的一切燃烧源,不仅局限于美国环保署列出的16类母体PAHs。此次研究发现烷基化和含硫含氧PAHs所占比例分别高于和接近母体PAHs。因此,要区别香烟烟气和其他燃烧源(燃煤、机动车排放、生物质燃烧)对于多环芳烃的贡献,还应该引入烷基化和含硫含氧PAHs等指标。

“如果人们知道室内环境中有多少PAHs来源于吸烟,将有利于他们理解和支持室内禁烟,有利于评估吸烟对健康的危害。”王新明说。

此外,王新明也强调,香烟烟气是一种复杂的气体和颗粒物混合体,包含各种各样的潜在有毒物质。除PAHs外,还含有重金属、农药、羰基化合物、亚硝胺等。因此,评估吸烟对于健康的整体危害,还需要进一步研究。

上述研究成果已于近日发表于《环境科学和技术》上。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2076549, encodeId=2b5a20e654955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e5845990dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定量评估#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45990, encryptionId=3e5845990dc, topicName=定量评估)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Tue Feb 09 01:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44417, encodeId=16844441ef6, content=吸烟比雾霾严重多了。说明雾霾没有吸烟危害大嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 15:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43826, encodeId=7caf43826d1, content=戒烟其实并没有想象的那么难。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 18:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43810, encodeId=9c3f4381021, content=卷烟厂的经济税收虽然很重要,但人们的健康更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/e3b78fdf1c4d3e2e9ec6e03f643df0e2/6ca494c7b27a25fdde0721c5dac778d7.jpg, createdBy=2e441664544, createdName=鲜花飞鸟, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 17:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2076549, encodeId=2b5a20e654955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e5845990dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定量评估#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45990, encryptionId=3e5845990dc, topicName=定量评估)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Tue Feb 09 01:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44417, encodeId=16844441ef6, content=吸烟比雾霾严重多了。说明雾霾没有吸烟危害大嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 15:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43826, encodeId=7caf43826d1, content=戒烟其实并没有想象的那么难。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 18:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43810, encodeId=9c3f4381021, content=卷烟厂的经济税收虽然很重要,但人们的健康更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/e3b78fdf1c4d3e2e9ec6e03f643df0e2/6ca494c7b27a25fdde0721c5dac778d7.jpg, createdBy=2e441664544, createdName=鲜花飞鸟, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 17:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-02 三三五五

    吸烟比雾霾严重多了。说明雾霾没有吸烟危害大嘛

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2076549, encodeId=2b5a20e654955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e5845990dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定量评估#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45990, encryptionId=3e5845990dc, topicName=定量评估)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Tue Feb 09 01:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44417, encodeId=16844441ef6, content=吸烟比雾霾严重多了。说明雾霾没有吸烟危害大嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 15:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43826, encodeId=7caf43826d1, content=戒烟其实并没有想象的那么难。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 18:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43810, encodeId=9c3f4381021, content=卷烟厂的经济税收虽然很重要,但人们的健康更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/e3b78fdf1c4d3e2e9ec6e03f643df0e2/6ca494c7b27a25fdde0721c5dac778d7.jpg, createdBy=2e441664544, createdName=鲜花飞鸟, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 17:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-25 vpssa

    戒烟其实并没有想象的那么难。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2076549, encodeId=2b5a20e654955, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e5845990dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定量评估#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45990, encryptionId=3e5845990dc, topicName=定量评估)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Tue Feb 09 01:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44417, encodeId=16844441ef6, content=吸烟比雾霾严重多了。说明雾霾没有吸烟危害大嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 15:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43826, encodeId=7caf43826d1, content=戒烟其实并没有想象的那么难。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/e96b3d935daf4e258fba69d60175f0ab/b6d3ee4a3a414b8eafaf7c5e905937a2.jpg, createdBy=ad4b83208, createdName=vpssa, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 18:55:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=43810, encodeId=9c3f4381021, content=卷烟厂的经济税收虽然很重要,但人们的健康更重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=198, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/e3b78fdf1c4d3e2e9ec6e03f643df0e2/6ca494c7b27a25fdde0721c5dac778d7.jpg, createdBy=2e441664544, createdName=鲜花飞鸟, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 17:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-25 鲜花飞鸟

    卷烟厂的经济税收虽然很重要,但人们的健康更重要

    0

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