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J Invest Dermatol:阿达木单抗联合甲氨蝶呤与阿达木单抗单药治疗银屑病疗效对比

2022-03-23 医路坦克 MedSci原创

本文评估了阿达木单抗联合甲氨蝶呤(ADL-MTX组)与阿达木单抗单独治疗(ADL组)治疗慢性斑块型银屑病的疗效、安全性、药代动力学和免疫原性。

 

在类风湿性关节炎中,阿达木单抗通常与甲氨蝶呤(MTX)一起使用,因为与阿达木单抗单独使用相比,联合的治疗效果更好,抗药物抗体(ADA)的形成也更少。在银屑病中,长期治疗效果和药代动力学特征还没有得到广泛的研究。

我们进行了一项随机对照试验,以评估阿达木单抗联合甲氨蝶呤(ADL-MTX组)与阿达木单抗治疗(ADL组)治疗慢性斑块型银屑病的疗效、安全性、药代动力学和免疫原性。

阿达木单抗是一种肿瘤坏死α(TNF-α)抑制剂,常用于银屑病患者。然而,尽管报道的发病率差异很大(0-51%),但免疫原性(即抗药物抗体(ADA)的形成)是导致阿达木单抗治疗失败的重要因素。这些中和性ADA与循环的阿达木单抗结合,从而阻止药物结合TNF。此外,这种结合导致免疫复合物,这可能导致药物清除率增加。这两种机制均可导致血清阿达木单抗浓度低,这与临床反应丧失和治疗中断有关。

    向阿达木单抗添加低剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)已显示可增强类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者的临床反应,减少抗体形成并促进更高的血清药物浓度,因此是常见的临床实践。假设MTX诱导无反应性,其中T细胞和B细胞对特异性无反应抗原,从而防止浆细胞转化和抗体形成。这种效应补充了MTX的抗炎作用。

    支持生物制剂与免疫调节剂联合治疗银屑病的证据有限。随机对照试验的数据支持,与依那西普单一疗法相比,依那西普与MTX联用具有更好的疗效,尽管ADA的形成在依那西普中并不起主要作用,因为抗体是非中和的。阿达木单抗或英夫利昔单抗与MTX的联合治疗已在少量观察性研究中进行了评估,并显示出有希望的结果。

    阿达木单抗和甲氨蝶呤联合治疗银屑病尚无前瞻性研究。因此,我们进行了这项随机对照试验(RCT),以比较阿达木单抗和小剂量MTX与阿达木单抗治疗慢性斑块型银屑病患者的1年药物存活率、有效性、安全性、药代动力学(PK)和免疫原性。

   分析ADL-MTX组31例和ADL组30例患者的临床资料。一年后,ADL-MTX组的药物存活率(74.2%比58.6%;p=0.15)(无统计学意义)更好。ADL-MTX组和ADL组49周时银屑病面积和严重程度指数(PASI)75分别为58.1%和36.7%(p=0.13),血药浓度中位数分别为6.8(5.5-9.2)和5.9(3.5-8.8)mg/L(p=0.26)。ADL组出现ADA的患者较少(22.6%vs.60.0%;p<0.01)。未发生严重不良事件(SAE)。

  阿达木单抗和甲氨蝶呤联合治疗导致出现ADA的患者较少,与阿达木单抗单独治疗相比,有更好的PASI75反应、药物存活率和更高的血清谷浓度的趋势。患者报告的有效性和生活质量方面的结果在两组之间具有可比性。

   不良事件发生率低,组间平衡,并没有导致显着的治疗中止。我们认为在斑块状银屑病患者开始阿达木单抗治疗时应考虑与低剂量MTX联合治疗。

文献来源: van der Kraaij GE,  Busard CI,  van den Reek J, Adalimumab with methotrexate versus adalimumab monotherapy in psoriasis: First-year results of a single-blind randomized controlled trial.J Invest Dermatol 2022 Mar 08

 

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