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NEJM:扎心了!治疗骨髓纤维化的JAK2抑制剂竟会导致淋巴瘤!

2018-06-20 Paris,Zoe 转化医学网

作为一种恶性血液肿瘤,骨髓纤维化的整体中位生存时间为5.7年,高危患者生存期仅为2.3年。针对骨髓纤维化没有十分有效的控制办法,只能用传统的药物来控制疾病进程或减轻症状。

导  读

作为一种恶性血液肿瘤,骨髓纤维化的整体中位生存时间为5.7年,高危患者生存期仅为2.3年。针对骨髓纤维化没有十分有效的控制办法,只能用传统的药物来控制疾病进程或减轻症状。

绝大多数骨髓纤维化是骨髓造血细胞的一种罕见的慢性疾病,它们受益于JAK2抑制剂类药物:症状缓解,生存期延长,生活质量得到提高。然而,不幸的是,一篇发表在《New England Journal of Medicine》杂志的文献指出:在开始治疗两三年后,一些患者会出现侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤。这简直是“雪上加霜”。

在维也纳MedUni和Vetmeduni维也纳研究人员的密切合作下,他们发现,JAK2抑制剂首次显示出骨髓中的“休眠”型淋巴瘤和癌症。

“在疾病开始时采用骨髓活检,我们能够证明淋巴瘤的原基以B细胞克隆的形式存在,“MedUni血液学/血液病学部的Heinz Gisslinger和UlrichJ?ger解释道,他们发现16%的骨髓纤维化患者具有休眠型侵袭性淋巴瘤,而其中约6%的患者在接受JAK2抑制剂时会刺激其发作。

JAK2抑制剂

根据血液学家的说法,如果使用敏感的分子生物学技术来积极寻找潜伏的淋巴瘤,就有可能检测出休眠的淋巴瘤。 “因此,这是最好的预测工具,它使我们能够筛选出相关的16%,将其分类并在用JAK2抑制剂治疗之前将其鉴定为高风险患者。”

以此为线索,Vetmeduni维也纳研究人员证实了MedUni维也纳医学化学实验室诊断临床病理学部门合作的血液学家的发现。他们的假设在小鼠模型中得到了证明--曾接受过骨髓移植的小鼠同样发展为淋巴瘤。

耶格说:“维也纳大学的研究成果与我们的研究结果一模一样,这可以拼凑出一块拼图。”此外,来自国际的合作伙伴圣路易斯医院,也支持维也纳研究的结论,该文献在新英格兰杂志上发表。

不过研究人员已经开始收集国际病例和相关数据,以进一步提高药物安全性,他们正在与生产这些标准药物的制药公司密切合作。 “我们的发现代表了一种范式转变,并改善了这类药物的安全性,”Sexl和J?ger强调说。

无独有偶,靶向PD-1/PD-L1的抗肿瘤药物在不同类型肿瘤治疗中取得了良好疗效,一时间这种疗法风光无限,很少能听到质疑之声。然而,5月17日,NEJM刊登了美国华盛顿大学医学院(Washington University School of Medicine)Ratner等的来信,信中描述了他们采用纳武单抗(一种抗PD-1单克隆抗体)治疗成人T细胞白血病-淋巴瘤(ATLL)患者,但患者似乎并未获益,病情反而快速进展,3位患者均出现白细胞增多、高钙血症、肾功能不全和乳酸脱氢酶升高。研究者不得不紧急处理,进行了抢救性化疗、脾脏放疗及其他对症处理。

在新药研发方面,大家往往更看重疗效,而忽略了一些潜在的风险,这些例子都足以引起我们的警惕。

原始出处:Seymour JF, Kipps TJ, Eichhorst B, et al. Venetoclax-Rituximab in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 22;378(12):1107-1120

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    2018-12-19 jklm09
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    2018-06-21 1201e5c5m39暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1737992, encodeId=29891e3799261, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0abd10215e0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#JAK#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10215, encryptionId=0abd10215e0, topicName=JAK)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6e8634348903, createdName=肉我只吃一口, createdTime=Wed Aug 15 10:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1995531, encodeId=6d961995531f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=992411149e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#2抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1114, encryptionId=992411149e, topicName=2抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28b7142, createdName=liuquan, createdTime=Tue Aug 14 22:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1851739, encodeId=c1bd1851e39f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0a254918f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54918, encryptionId=f0a254918f0, topicName=抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Wed Dec 19 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1488882, encodeId=a1061488882ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9941022ee8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#JAK2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10227, encryptionId=f9941022ee8, topicName=JAK2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=666c8479565, createdName=gao_jian4220, createdTime=Fri Jun 22 12:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325775, encodeId=99e9325e7513, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2ac82155377, createdName=1201e5c5m39暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 07:17:09 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325703, encodeId=ded0325e0317, content=谢谢分享.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 00:02:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325661, encodeId=793832566156, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Wed Jun 20 21:52:32 CST 2018, time=2018-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325646, encodeId=12be325646b4, content=了解一下.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Wed Jun 20 21:26:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-21 phoebeyan520

    谢谢分享.学习学习

    0

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    2018-06-20 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-06-20 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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近年来原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)的研究进展迅猛,为给我国血液科医生提供规范化的临床实践指导,由中华医学会血液学分会白血病淋巴瘤学组牵头组织国内相关专家,从循证医学角度出发,经广泛征求意见并反复多次修改,在PMF的诊断程序、实验室检查、诊断标准和治疗原则等方面最终达成共识。 PMF患者面临一系列临床问题,如贫血、脾脏肿大、体质性症状、症状性髓外造血等,应尽早确认这些临床问题并给予适当处

Blood:直接靶向抑制Gli蛋白或可有效治疗骨髓纤维化

肌成纤维母细胞是纤维化驱动细胞,在实体器官纤维化过程中发挥重要作用,但其在骨髓纤维化中的作用和细胞来源仍不明确。近期有研究工作表明Gli1+和LepR+间充质干细胞(MSC)是导致骨髓纤维化的肌成纤维母细胞的祖细胞。该结果于近期发表了Blood杂志上。研究人员发现在骨髓纤维(MF)小鼠模型中,基因消融Gli1+ MSC或药理性靶向Hedghog-Gli信号可改善其纤维化。而且,药理性或基因干预Le

Blood:骨髓纤维化患者停用卢索替尼后的存活期情况

骨髓纤维化患者停用卢索替尼(ruxolitinib)后存活期很短,平均约14个月。在治疗初期或结束时出现低血小板或治疗中出现无性扩增都提示预后不良。尽管对于骨髓纤维化(MF)的标志和症状方面的认知都有明显提高,可以延长患者的存活期,但有些病人对卢索替尼不敏感,还有些人错失其反应时间。携带3个以上突变的患者基本都对卢索替尼不敏感。

Lancet Haematol:Janus激酶-2抑制剂fedratinib在先前用ruxolitinib治疗的骨髓纤维化患者中的治疗效果

骨髓纤维化是一种慢性骨髓增生性肿瘤,其特征表现为脾肿大,血细胞减少,骨髓纤维化。症状包括疲劳,体重减轻和骨痛。Janus激酶-2(JAK2)的突变发生在约50%的患者中。目前,唯一批准的用于骨髓纤维化的JAK2抑制剂是双JAK1和JAK2抑制剂ruxolitinib。58-71%的临床试验中使用鲁钴替尼治疗的患者尚未达到通过MRI或CT评估脾脏体积减少35%以上的主要终点。此外,超过50%的患者在

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