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葛兰素史克新专利政策将惠及不发达国家

2016-05-13 佚名 中国科学报

公共卫生专家对制药巨头葛兰素史克(GSK)公布的一项新专利政策拍手称快。此项政策将使全球最贫困国家的人们获取药物变得更加简单。不过,他们表示,如果病人在获取药物上有了显著改善,其他公司将需要跟着效仿。在GSK日前作出这一声明后,媒体关注便开始聚焦这家总部位于英国伦敦的公司在诸如阿富汗、赞比亚等50个最不发达和低收入国家停止申请专利的计划。这应当使其他生产商在这些国家供应GSK药物的仿制品变得更加容

公共卫生专家对制药巨头葛兰素史克(GSK)公布的一项新专利政策拍手称快。此项政策将使全球最贫困国家的人们获取药物变得更加简单。不过,他们表示,如果病人在获取药物上有了显著改善,其他公司将需要跟着效仿。

在GSK日前作出这一声明后,媒体关注便开始聚焦这家总部位于英国伦敦的公司在诸如阿富汗、赞比亚等50个最不发达和低收入国家停止申请专利的计划。这应当使其他生产商在这些国家供应GSK药物的仿制品变得更加容易,而无须担心会惹上官司。不过,包括默克集团和罗氏在内的其他制药公司此前也宣布过类似的举措。

这项由GSK首席执行官Andrew Witty发布的声明还透露,对于GSK将继续申请专利的其他35个低中等收入国家,公司将向仿制药制造商发放生产许可。此后,这些公司将能制造供国内使用和国外出口的仿制药。这也会鼓励仿制药制造商为提供更加廉价的药物而投资。

Witty还表示,公司将考虑向联合国支持的药品专利池(MPP)提交其研发的关于未来癌症药物的专利申请。而在公共卫生专家看来,这种可能性极其令人兴奋。MPP协调药物开发商和众多仿制药制造商之间的谈判,以制定大规模的专利使用权转让协议,从而使127个发展中国家得以通过更好的途径获取药物。不过,迄今为止,它关注的是艾滋病药物。

“其中任何一件事情就其本身而言都是一件大事。当你把它们放在一起,便成了一份强有力的声明。”位于美国华盛顿的非营利性机构“知识生态国际”负责人James Love表示,“但仍然还有很多事情需要完成。”

比如,尽管非洲可能从这些变化中尤其受益,但约75%的全球贫困人群生活在将不会从新举措中获得太多收益的中等收入国家。生活在诸如中国、印度、巴西等国家的贫困人群根本无法从中受益。波士顿东北大学法律专家Brook Baker认为,GSK的声明“会起到一定作用,但还远远不够”。

针对在发展中国家增加对药物的获取途径,产业界一直在改善自己的表现记录,尤其是涉及对传染性和被忽视的热带疾病的治疗时,一些公司同MPP签订许可协议,允许非营利性机构作为中间人达成为上百万名病人制造廉价的艾滋病治疗药物的协议。去年,MPP扩展了代理范围,将治疗丙型肝炎的药物包括进来。

不过,据世界卫生组织估测,在发展中国家,癌症每年导致530余万人死亡,从而使其比艾滋病、结核病和疟疾更具致死性。对此,GSK建议未来关于癌症药物的专利或许可通过MPP进行授权。荷兰格罗宁根大学医学中心药物法律和政策负责人Ellen’t Hoen表示,“Witty在清楚地表明,这是他认为产业界应当遵循的道路”。在她看来,其他拥有重要抗癌药的公司也加入到这一行动中至关重要,但这可能是一项难度更大的买卖。

更重要的是,去年GSK将所有获批的抗癌药出售给诺华公司,因此它只是在讨论打开获取试验性癌症药物的途径。这些药物距进入市场还有很多年的时间。Baker 提醒说:“他们或许从相当虚无缥缈的收益中获取了大量的好名声。”

不过,位于荷兰哈勒姆的非营利性机构“获取药物基金会”执行董事Jayasree Iyer相信,此项举措将促使对抗癌药有更大投资的其他公司进一步开放。该基金会一直追踪制药企业在改善发展中国家获取药物途径上所作的努力。“GSK做得很好。”Iyer表示。他的团队正在编纂一份关于产业界在发展中国家开放获取药物途径努力的双年度报告。在过去的4份报告中,GSK一直位列榜首。

Iyer认为,关于癌症药物的任何进步,对于改善治疗其他非传染性疾病的昂贵药物的获取途径来说都是好兆头,比如针对自身免疫性疾病的抗炎药。

当被要求就诺华公司是否也可能将抗癌药放入专利池作出评论时,该公司强调了增加药物获取途径的另一种方法。去年,诺华公司启动一项使每月每次治疗花费1美元便能获取到针对包括乳腺癌在内的若干非传染性疾病的15种药物的计划。一位发言人表示,该计划已开始在肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚发放药物,并且打算在约30个低收入和低中等收入国家开展。

’t Hoen表示,贫困国家的人们还将需要接触到筛查项目和医疗中心的更好途径,如果他们要从最终增加的药物获取渠道中受益的话。“政府需要不断升级它们的行动。”

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    2017-05-21 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享。

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    2016-09-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-09-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-06-03 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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    2016-05-15 bioon3
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