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Heart:70岁后每天进行至少20分钟的日常锻炼有助于预防心血管疾病

2022-02-19 “心关注 ”公众号 “心关注 ”公众号

近日,发表在Heart杂志上的一项研究显示,运动轨迹增加与心血管疾病和总死亡率降低相关;在晚年早期(70~75岁),每天进行至少20分钟的体育锻炼,有益于心血管健康。

近日,发表在Heart杂志上的一项研究显示,运动轨迹增加与心血管疾病和总死亡率降低相关;在晚年早期(70~75岁),每天进行至少20分钟的体育锻炼,有益于心血管健康

体育锻炼在降低心血管疾病风险方面的益处已被证实,世界卫生组织建议老年人群应每日进行至少20分钟的中度到高强度的体育活动。心血管结局与每日体育锻炼持续时间的剂量-反应关系显示,任何心血管疾病(CVD)的发生率均显着降低,包括冠心病(CHD)、心力衰竭(HF)和卒中。但这些数据较少以老年人群为研究样本,也很少根据性别对风险进行分层。尽管相关文献表明,体育运动对改善男性、女性健康都有显着作用,但这些结论存在一定局限性。

一些研究表明,从中年到晚年早期,随着体育锻炼水平的提高,心血管事件发生率降低。现有的大多数研究都是基于单一的体育运动来评估对健康的益处,很少有研究以运动轨迹对特定心血管结局的影响作为切入点,特别是在性别和年龄比较上。

心血管疾病每年导致全球约1790万人死亡,疾病负担很高;体育锻炼被认为有助于降低30-50%的心血管疾病风险。考虑到人口老龄化和心血管疾病的公共健康相关性,Claudio Barbiellini Amidei等人开展了一项名为Progetto Veneto Anziani的队列研究,纳入年龄≥65岁的意大利人,在1995-1997年进行基线评估,根据医院相关病例记录,随访工作延长至2018年。

研究结果

研究最终纳入2754例≥65岁(平均年龄75岁;60%为女性)的受试者。基线时,男性、女性之间没有显着年龄差异。在随访期间(截至2018年12月31日),共观察到1037例心血管事件。无论随访结束时的心血管健康状况如何,大多数受试者都有稳定的运动轨迹,这在男性中更为常见。男性吸烟和饮酒比女性更频繁,而在BMI方面没有显着差异。基线时,女性更可能患有四种以上共病,骨关节病、骨质疏松症和慢性肾病的发病率尤其高;而慢性阻塞性肺病和糖尿病在男性中更为常见(表1)。

表1. 基于随访结束时CVD状态的基线队列特征

体育锻炼与心血管疾病(aHR 0.74,95%CI 0.58-0.94)、CHD(aHR 0.66,95%CI 0.50-0.87)、HF(aHR 0.72,95%CI 0.53-0.98)风险显着降低相关(表2)。体育锻炼与男性、女性总死亡风险显着降低相关(aHR 0.72,95%CI 0.62-0.84;aHR 0.81,95%CI 0.72-0.92)。在按年龄进行的分析中,男性体育锻炼与70岁时心血管疾病风险降低相关(aHR 0.58,95%CI 0.39-0.84);75岁时这种相关性减弱(aHR 0.74,95%CI 0.52-1.05);80岁、85岁时没有观察到显着相关性。在任何一项分析中,体育锻炼都与降低卒中风险无关。

表2. 按性别分层的体育锻炼与CVD、CHD、HF和卒中事件之间的关系

每天进行20-40分钟的中度至高强度的体育锻炼,可降低患CHD和HF的风险(图1)。每天进行至少20分钟的体育锻炼与70岁时任何心血管事件风险显着降低相关;75岁时这种相关性减弱;80岁、85岁时没有观察到显着相关性。当按性别进行分层时,这种相关性在男性CHD和HF患者中更为明显。

图1. 基线时中度至高强度体育锻炼(min/d)与CVD、CHD、HF和卒中事件之间的关系

男性运动轨迹较多与CHD(P=0.005)和HF(P=0.038)风险较低相关(表3)。在不同年龄段的女性中,运动轨迹水平增加与任何心血管结局之间没有显着相关性;而总体死亡率风险显着降低。

表3. 按性别分层的基线运动轨迹与CVD、CHD、HF和卒中事件之间的关系

原始出处:

Barbiellini Amidei C, Trevisan C, Dotto M, et al. Association of physical activity trajectories with major cardiovascular diseases in elderly people. Heart. 2022 Feb 14:heartjnl-2021-320013. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320013. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35165168.

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    2022-02-21 wangjin19820706

    七十岁咋锻炼

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    2022-02-21 zhaojie88
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    2022-02-21 slcumt
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    2022-02-20 小米001

    学习了

    0

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    2022-02-20 1351fc2f66m

    了解了解

    0

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