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警惕幽门螺杆菌导致的胃外疾病!

2018-10-19 成大夫 成大夫谈消化

半年余前,一位60多岁的老年女性患者来到我的门诊,患者因为血小板减少,经血液科医生介绍前来消化科就诊。

案例一:
血小板减少十余年, 消化科就诊

半年余前,一位60多岁的老年女性患者来到我的门诊,患者因为血小板减少,经血液科医生介绍前来消化科就诊。

患者12年前发现血小板减少,血小板最低时只有4000/μL(血小板计数低于20000/μL时患者就可能会出现严重的大出血,包括脑出血),在血液科就诊经药物治疗后好转,此后患者多次复查血小板低于正常。1年前,患者因出血发现血小板再次严重降低,在血液科经过骨髓穿刺、血液化验等检查考虑特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP),经激素等药物治疗1年余后患者病情逐渐缓解。

由于患者病情迁延反复,病情严重时甚至威胁生命,血液科医生建议患者检查一下是否有幽门螺杆菌感染,因呼气检查阳性提示患者存在幽门螺杆菌感染,因此患者前来消化科就诊要求进行幽门螺杆菌根除治疗。
 
幽门螺杆菌感染与特发性血小板减少性紫癜

幽门螺杆菌感染与肠道疾病相关的概念,已经非常普及了,但除了与肠道疾病相关,幽门螺杆菌感染还与一些胃肠外疾病具有相关性,其中关系最密切的有2种血液科的疾病,特发性血小板减少性紫癜和难治性缺铁性贫血。

特发性血小板减少性紫癜是一种免疫介导的血小板减少性疾病,1998年国际上首次报道了幽门螺杆菌感染与特发性血小板减少性紫癜之间的相关性,根除幽门螺杆菌治疗可以使部分患者的病情缓解,说明幽门螺杆菌感染可能是部分特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者发病的直接因素。

这位患者在12年前发病时没有进行过幽门螺杆菌的相关检查;4年前患者曾经因病情加重在我院血液科就诊时通过呼气试验检查发现了幽门螺杆菌感染,但由于患者服用血液科治疗药物后,病情很快减轻,患者也就没有再到消化科进一步就诊;直到1年多前,患者因出血再次病情加重,在血液科医生的建议下,患者才在病情平稳后来到消化科就诊。

迟到的根除治疗, 药物性肝损害, 慎重选择抗生素

患者血小板减少,又是老年患者,肝功能化验提示胆汁酸增高(考虑可能与激素治疗影响肝功能有关),在选择抗生素治疗时要非常慎重,有些抗生素可能会抑制骨髓造血(如四环素),有些抗生素可能会诱发或加重肝损害,幸好这位患者没有青霉素过敏史,可以应用阿莫西林,结合患者的病情、身高体重等情况,我精心地设计了含阿莫西林的二联方案,患者的幽门螺杆菌被成功根除。

这周患者再次前来复诊,患者根除幽门螺杆菌已经半年余,治疗血小板的激素也停药半年多了,这半年多,患者多次复查呼气检查均阴性,血小板计数也一直维持在正常水平,不用再时刻担心发生大出血的风险了。

患者血小板正常了,但是最近几个月,患者虽然已经停用所有治疗药物半年余,但是多次检查肝功能化验,增高的胆汁酸仍然还没有恢复正常,考虑患者激素导致的肝损害还没有恢复。

如果患者在12年前,就进行幽门螺杆菌的检测和治疗,患者可能就不会出现后来的出血风险和药物性肝损害了。但这位患者还是比较幸运的,虽然病程迁延了十余年,并没有发生严重危急生命的并发症。

案例二:
不幸中的万幸, 另一位血小板减少患者

看到这位患者的痊愈,让我想起了几年前的另一位患者。

患者是位来自外地农村的中年女性,因严重的血小板减少,曾先后接受了多种治疗,激素、免疫球蛋白、脾切除等,医疗费花了20余万元,但血小板在各种治疗后即便稍有好转也很快就再次降低,经常在5万以下的低水平维持,严重时血小板计数只有几千,患者每天都提心吊胆、不敢出门、不敢活动,经常面临着大出血的风险。

因多种治疗手段都无法缓解病情,患者来到我们医院的血液科,血液科医生马上建议患者进行了幽门螺杆菌的检测,因呼气检查阳性提示患者存在幽门螺杆菌感染,患者转到消化科就诊,我给患者进行了幽门螺杆菌的根除治疗,患者服药后1周血小板即开始上升,服药2周后血小板计数已经基本正常,患者疗程结束停药一个多月后,复查呼气检查阴性,提示患者的幽门螺杆菌已被成功根除,而患者的血小板计数也达到了20多万,完全恢复正常了。

如果这位患者能够在疾病发生的早期就进行幽门螺杆菌的检测和治疗,只需要应用抗生素治疗,可能仅需花费很少的医疗费用就能够获得痊愈,患者不但可以节省医疗费用,也可以避免脾切除手术,20多万的医疗费用,对于一个农村家庭,不知要给这个家庭带来多么沉重的负担。

幽门螺杆菌的发现,之所以能够获得2005年的诺贝尔医学及生理学奖,正是由于通过抗生素治疗幽门螺杆菌感染,可以使久治不愈、反复复发的消化性溃疡患者获得长期的治愈而不再复发,曾经消化性溃疡的并发症(出血、穿孔、梗阻、癌变)剥夺了多少人的生命和健康,而幽门螺杆菌的发现,使得人类可以用抗生素、仅花费很少的医疗费用就治愈这种全球性的多发病和常见病,这正是幽门螺杆菌发现的伟大所在。

幽门螺杆菌作为一种长期感染人类的细菌,它与胃肠外疾病的相关研究,如皮肤疾病、心脑血管病等,也开始受到很多学者的关注,如今,国内外关于幽门螺杆菌感染处理的共识指南,均已经将成年人的特发性血小板减少性紫癜和难治性缺铁性贫血纳入了幽门螺杆菌感染的检测和治疗指征,希望因此而使这些患者能够获益,从而避免不必要的风险和医疗花费。

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    2019-02-07 kcb069
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    2018-10-29 fenfei_100

    不错!涨知识了!

    0

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    2018-10-19 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811769, encodeId=91321811e695c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751f8889423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#螺杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88894, encryptionId=751f8889423, topicName=螺杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Thu Feb 07 19:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080303, encodeId=d358208030368, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89b68318219' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃外疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83182, encryptionId=89b68318219, topicName=胃外疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743d308, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Wed Mar 27 04:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350882, encodeId=30f4350882aa, content=不错!涨知识了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6c4b1459687, createdName=fenfei_100, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 20:36:22 CST 2018, time=2018-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349875, encodeId=32eb3498e50f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri Oct 19 21:45:48 CST 2018, time=2018-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349860, encodeId=97473498604b, content=谢谢分享,学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Fri Oct 19 21:30:56 CST 2018, time=2018-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-19 changjiu

    谢谢分享,学习一下谢谢

    0

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