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NEJM:低强度EPOCH -R方案可有效治疗免疫缺陷伯基特淋巴瘤成人患者

2013-11-22 beijia688 DXY

累积药物浓度 研究要点: 年轻的散发伯基特淋巴瘤患者经短期强化治疗结局良好,而成人患者及免疫缺陷患者则预后不佳; 强烈化疗用于成人患者和免疫缺陷患者存在严重副作用,并导致儿童患者的远期死亡; 基于低强度、长暴露时间的EPOCH -R-治疗方案对于散发的或者免疫缺陷相关的伯基特淋巴瘤非常有效。 伯基特淋巴瘤是一种侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤,成



累积药物浓度

研究要点:

  • 年轻的散发伯基特淋巴瘤患者经短期强化治疗结局良好,而成人患者及免疫缺陷患者则预后不佳;
  • 强烈化疗用于成人患者和免疫缺陷患者存在严重副作用,并导致儿童患者的远期死亡;
  • 基于低强度、长暴露时间的EPOCH -R-治疗方案对于散发的或者免疫缺陷相关的伯基特淋巴瘤非常有效。

伯基特淋巴瘤是一种侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤,成人和儿童均可发病,通过强化治疗和细胞毒性化学治疗大部分患者可得到治愈。与儿童患者相比,目前的治疗手段在成人和免疫缺陷患者治疗效果更差且严重副作用较多。美国马里兰州Bethesda淋巴瘤研究院Wilson博士等人的研究结果发表于国际权威杂志NEJM 2013年11月最新一期在线版,他们发现,基于低强度的EPOCH -R-治疗对于散发的或者免疫缺陷相关的伯基特淋巴瘤非常有效。

研究者探索静脉滴注依托泊苷,阿霉素,环磷酰胺,长春新碱,强的松,利妥昔单抗( EPOCH - R)方案用于初治伯基特淋巴瘤患者的低强度治疗的效果。研究还对两个EPOCH - R方案进行测试:HIV阴性患者采用标准剂量与调整剂量联合(DA - EPOCH -R组),HIV阳性的患者采用短期低剂量与双倍剂量的利妥昔单抗联合(SC-EPOCH -RR组)方案治疗。

结果显示,共有30例患者入组,其中DA - EPOCH -R组19例,SC-EPOCH-RR11例。中位年龄为33岁;40%的患者不低于40岁;73 %的患者有中等风险的疾病,10%有高风险的疾病。主要毒性事件为发烧和白细胞减少, 在DA - EPOCH -R治疗周期和SC - EPOCH - RR治疗周期的发生率分别22%10%。1例患者发生肿瘤溶解综合征,无治疗相关性死亡。SC-EPOCH-RR组阿霉素联合依托泊苷,环磷酰胺给药量的中位累积剂量分别比DA - EPOCH -R组低47%和57 %。DA - EPOCH -R组的中位随访时间为86个月,SC - EPOCH - RR组为73个月,DA - EPOCH–R组的无进展生存率和整体生存率分别为95%和100%,SC–EPOCH-RR组为100%和90%。无患者因伯基特淋巴瘤死亡。

研究得出如下结论:在这项非对照性前瞻性研究中,基于低强度的EPOCH -R-治疗对于散发的或者免疫缺陷相关的伯基特淋巴瘤非常有效。

研究背景:

伯基特淋巴瘤,首次出现于Denis Burkitt对于非洲儿童患者的描述中,是一种高度增生性的人类癌症。虽然稀少,但伯基特淋巴瘤好发于儿童,大约占儿童淋巴瘤病例的30%到50%。目前已鉴别出伯基特淋巴瘤的3项特征:地域性,多发于近赤道非洲地区;散发性,全世界都有发生;免疫缺陷相关性,好发于HIV感染者人群。年轻的散发伯基特淋巴瘤患者经短期强化治疗结局良好,而成人患者及免疫缺陷患者则预后不佳。

伯基特淋巴瘤由生发中心B细胞衍生而来,致癌途径多样。所有患者中都发现有MYC基因及免疫球蛋白基因易位导致MYC基因的组成性表达。其他的遗传事件包括通过磷脂酰肌醇酯3激酶信号通路及细胞周期调节蛋白依赖性激酶通路发生变化,导致肿瘤增殖和生长加剧。散发的和免疫缺陷相关的伯基特淋巴瘤的易感因素和发病机制有相似性。

伯基特淋巴瘤与B细胞急性成淋巴细胞白血病的生物学机制有重叠之处,对它的鉴别导致了以白血病多期治疗方案为基础的方法用于伯基特淋巴瘤患者的治疗。伯基特淋巴瘤的高增长率和短倍增时间使短期强烈化疗作为必需治疗方案得到广泛认可。然而,这一治疗方案用于成人患者和免疫缺陷患者存在严重副作用,并导致儿童患者的远期死亡。

对于成人患者,试图实质性减少治疗强度的同时维持疗效的努力成效不大,但风险适应性治疗方案减少了患儿的毒性反应。研究者假设,伯基特淋巴瘤细胞对神经毒性压力的超敏感性或可使增加药物暴露时间而非增加药物剂量这一重要的治疗策略得以最大化地杀灭肿瘤细胞。上述概念成为阿霉素,环磷酰胺,长春新碱,强的松,利妥昔单抗(EPOCH - R)方案的应用基础,与短时间、高浓度药物暴露策略相比,这一方案在体外研究的基础上将药物融合使用,增加了肿瘤细胞杀灭效应并延长了低浓度药物的暴露时间。

研究者检查了两种EPOCH-R方案用于伯基特淋巴瘤患者初治的疗效:一种是标准的剂量调整性方案(DA-EPOCH-R),另一种是利妥草单抗剂量加倍的短期方案(SC-EPOCHRR),旨在减少毒性。在这篇文章里,研究者报道了这两项低强度基于EPOCH-R的治疗方案用于散发或免疫缺陷伯基特淋巴瘤患者的非对照前瞻性研究的结果。

原文出处:

Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Shovlin M, Steinberg SM, Cole D, Grant C, Widemann B, Staudt LM, Jaffe ES, Little RF, Wilson WH.Low-intensity therapy in adults with Burkitt's lymphoma.N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 14;369(20):1915-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1308392.

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