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癌症面前男女有别之数据大全

2016-11-26 解螺旋.叶子 解螺旋·医生科研助手

导语:疾病面前人人平等,但其实男女由于生理结构和所处社会角色的不同,其实在癌症的易感性、死亡率和存活率上也存在着性别的差异,而且治疗手段也有很大不同。对于癌症的发病来说,存在“重男轻女”现象,也就是男人得癌症的特别多。从《CA》上发表的国家癌症中心数据来看,男女在癌症面前,真的有很大不同。 首先上数据,以下数据皆来自于” Cancer statistics in China, 2015”

导语:疾病面前人人平等,但其实男女由于生理结构和所处社会角色的不同,其实在癌症的易感性、死亡率和存活率上也存在着性别的差异,而且治疗手段也有很大不同。

对于癌症的发病来说,存在“重男轻女”现象,也就是男人得癌症的特别多。从《CA》上发表的国家癌症中心数据来看,男女在癌症面前,真的有很大不同。
 
首先上数据,以下数据皆来自于” Cancer statistics in China, 2015”。

  

可以看出,男性癌症的发病率和死亡率均高于女性,且差距明显。接下来分别看看男女得癌种类的差异。

发病率不同

 

女性第一高发癌症是乳腺癌,第二第三分别是肺癌和结直肠癌,但比男性要少很多,应该与空气和饮食有关。

男性癌症发病率最高的三种癌症:肺癌,胃癌和肝癌。一般来说诱因多是,抽烟、喝酒……

死亡率不同


在死亡率方面,各种癌症基本上和发病率类似,前三名依然是肺癌,肝癌和胃癌。
 
 
 

女性死亡率最高的前三种癌症依次是:肺癌,胃癌和肝癌和男性一样,也就是说,乳腺癌虽然发病率高,但恶性程度一般(除了三阴性乳腺癌)。

癌症重男轻女的原因分析

通过以上数据可以发现,男性中肺癌和消化道癌症发病率和死亡率较高。除此之外,还有一些是特异性的肿瘤,比如男性的前列腺癌,发病率和死亡率都有所上升。
 
女性的乳腺癌和生殖器肿瘤也有很高的发病率。目前已知的宫颈癌的明确风险之一是人乳头瘤病毒(HPV),大多数女性会感染HPV。女性感染HPV高峰期有两个26-30岁、46-50岁,主要通过性生活传播,但有时候也会通过其他路径,比如不洁用具等。现在GSK的疫苗在中国也上市了,可以通过打疫苗来预防HPV感染。
 
另一个女性要特别注意的是甲状腺癌,女性发病呈现出快速增长的态势。虽然关于甲状腺癌,现在有认为是因为碘过量的原因,但这没法解释男女差异的问题。

目前认为癌症“重男轻女”的原因与以下原因有关:

1、社会压力:男性社会压力比女性更大,高工作强度,也会影响身心健康,这使得男性总体上抗癌能力更弱。
 
2、不良的生活习惯:吸烟、饮酒是癌症的重要风险因素,男性在这两方面都高于女性,因此,也是引发癌症的一个重要因素。
 
3、男女激素分泌的差异:部分激素对于维持人类健康有重要意义,而男女在激素水平上的悬殊也会影响到肿瘤的发生。
 
4、怀孕女性的二次发育:女性在怀孕期间,胎儿干细胞会和母体形成嵌合体,从而对母体的一些缺陷进行修复,一定程度上,也可以增强母体的抵抗力。

癌症治疗男女月也不同

德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心的一项研究通过调查13种癌症类型,在分子水平上认识了性别对不同癌症的影响。该研究揭示出与癌症发病率和死亡率相关的两个癌症类型群体,提出“迫切需要”对某些癌症开发出性别特异性的治疗策略。该结果发表于《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)杂志上。

比如肝癌是一种预后很差的常见恶性肿瘤,男性比女性更容易患上HCC,第二军医大学的研究团队最近在Oncogene杂志发表文章指出,HCC性别差异与长非编码RNA FTX(lnc-FTX)有关,故男女治疗上也应有所不同。

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    2016-11-27 天仙居

    重男轻女

    0

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    2016-11-27 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-11-27 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-11-27 ylzr123

    小编辛苦了!为我们整理如此齐全的资料,供学习探究。点赞啦!谢谢!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158507, encodeId=58bb15850e78, content=重男轻女, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ff1949572, createdName=天仙居, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 12:29:21 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158458, encodeId=1d151584582a, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 09:54:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158457, encodeId=e70d15845efb, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 09:54:45 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158427, encodeId=4af815842edc, content=小编辛苦了!为我们整理如此齐全的资料,供学习探究。点赞啦!谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 08:17:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158381, encodeId=dd17158381f0, content=这个统计很有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a3e1928208, createdName=顾小北大魔王, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 00:11:31 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158378, encodeId=5c141583e869, content=生活方式看来真的非常重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a3e1928208, createdName=顾小北大魔王, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 00:07:34 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-27 顾小北大魔王

    这个统计很有意思

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158507, encodeId=58bb15850e78, content=重男轻女, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=88ff1949572, createdName=天仙居, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 12:29:21 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158458, encodeId=1d151584582a, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 09:54:54 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158457, encodeId=e70d15845efb, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 09:54:45 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158427, encodeId=4af815842edc, content=小编辛苦了!为我们整理如此齐全的资料,供学习探究。点赞啦!谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 08:17:48 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158381, encodeId=dd17158381f0, content=这个统计很有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a3e1928208, createdName=顾小北大魔王, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 00:11:31 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158378, encodeId=5c141583e869, content=生活方式看来真的非常重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a3e1928208, createdName=顾小北大魔王, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 00:07:34 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-27 顾小北大魔王

    生活方式看来真的非常重要

    0

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