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CSE 2014:年轻糖尿病患者的临床诊断思考

2014-09-10 CSE2014 第十三次全国内分泌学学术会议论文汇编

在8月28日下午举行的第十三次全国内分泌学学术会议(CSE2014)“特殊类型糖尿病的治疗专题”上,同济大学附属第十医院的曲伸教授发表了自己对“年轻糖尿病患者的临床诊断思考”。 社会的快速发展与生活方式的急剧改变使糖尿病的发生到了难以控制的地步,2型糖尿病已不再是老年人的专利,现在逐渐向青壮年,甚至青少年蔓延,需引起全社会的重视和采取超前的预防手段。而年轻糖尿病的发生在临床上具有复杂性和多样性,

在8月28日下午举行的第十三次全国内分泌学学术会议(CSE2014)“特殊类型糖尿病的治疗专题”上,同济大学附属第十医院的曲伸教授发表了自己对“年轻糖尿病患者临床诊断思考”。

社会的快速发展与生活方式的急剧改变使糖尿病的发生到了难以控制的地步,2型糖尿病已不再是老年人的专利,现在逐渐向青壮年,甚至青少年蔓延,需引起全社会的重视和采取超前的预防手段。而年轻糖尿病的发生在临床上具有复杂性和多样性,诊断一定要谨慎和准确,否则对于继后长期的治疗和生活有着重要的影响。

曲伸教授团队对近年来收治入院的年轻发病的糖尿病患者(<35岁)从基础和临床的角度进行了细致的分析和鉴别诊断,发现普遍存在着误诊、漏诊的情况。年轻的糖尿病患者诊断存在着不确定性和可变性。

研究人员在入选的近200例年轻发病糖尿病患者中,通过家族筛选,基因多肽检测,线粒体突变位点分析,结合分子生物学技术,临床特征及实验室检查及病情随访,发现了数例不同亚型的年青的成年发病型糖尿病(MODY)患者、线粒体糖尿病患者、酮症倾向的2型糖尿病患者、胰源性(包括胰腺钙化)糖尿病患者。有些患者在临床上被误诊为1型糖尿病患者,成人隐匿性免疫性糖尿病(LADA)患者和2型糖尿病患者,提示我们需要重视对临床年轻发病糖尿病患者的诊断和处理。

研究发现,年轻发病糖尿病患者起病时诊断经常存在一定的不确定性,典型的基因遗传疾病如MODY。线粒体糖尿病的临床表现并不典型,发病形式多样,而且既往被忽视的临床表现应该列入特殊的糖尿病的研究范畴(如线粒体糖尿病的非母系遗传史,骨质疏松问题,MODY的肾脏改变问题)。1型糖尿病并非是目前年轻糖尿病的主流,我们发现的典型的2型糖尿病伴代谢紊乱患者年仅11岁。且年轻患者也常伴有多种代谢紊乱和内分泌异常,为诊断增加难度,非典型2型糖尿病(也称酮症倾向2型糖尿病或酮症倾向年轻糖尿病)虽然尚未得到公认,但国际上也不乏报道(尤其是在亚洲和香港),也属于年轻糖尿病的一种特殊形式,需要引起临床医师的重视和进一步研究。而1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病究竟有多少差别有待探讨,近期日本学者就报道了6例2型糖尿病患者在胰岛素治疗后诊断为1型糖尿病。

曲伸教授表示,该报告只是一个初步的研究结果,期望通过该研究能引起对临床年轻发病糖尿病患者的重视,在诊断上不要轻易下结论,将基因诊断和分子生物学技术引入年轻糖尿病的诊断,相信会得到好的结果。严格的定期随访和胰岛功能评估随访会对诊断提供可靠的依据,正确的诊断是治疗成功和改善生活质量,以及防止并发症的前提。

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    2015-04-11 x35042875

    控制好糖尿病可能提高肝硬化患者的预后。

    0

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    2015-03-29 sjzlzc015
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