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Stem Cell Reports:精神分裂患者儿茶酚胺类递质分泌增多

2014-09-17 王英 生物通

最近,美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校Skaggs药学和制药科学学院的研究人员,利用人类诱导多能干细胞(hiPSCs),发现来自精神分裂症患者的神经元可分泌更高数量的三种神经递质,这三种神经递质与一系列精神疾病有广泛关系。 相关研究结果发表在2014年9月11日的Stem Cell Reports杂志,是向了解精神分裂症化学基础的重要一步,精神分裂症是一种慢性的、严重的脑部疾病,影响

最近,美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校Skaggs药学和制药科学学院的研究人员,利用人类诱导多能干细胞(hiPSCs),发现来自精神分裂症患者的神经元可分泌更高数量的三种神经递质,这三种神经递质与一系列精神疾病有广泛关系。

相关研究结果发表在2014年9月11日的Stem Cell Reports杂志,是向了解精神分裂症化学基础的重要一步,精神分裂症是一种慢性的、严重的脑部疾病,影响约1/100的人。目前,精神分裂症还没有已知的确切原因或治疗方法,在脑组织中没有留下任何指示性的物理标记。

本文资深作者、加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学院Skaggs药学院的Vivian Hook教授说:“这项研究,为精神分裂症的神经递质机制提供了新的见解,可望带来信的药物靶标和治疗方法。”

在这项研究中,加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员和索尔克生物研究所、西奈山伊坎医学院的研究人员合作,制备了hiPSCs(重编程自精神分裂症患者皮肤细胞)来源的功能神经元。该方法允许科学家以动物模型或人类受试者不可能的方式,观察和刺激人类神经元。

研究人员激活这些神经元,以使它们能分泌神经递质——刺激或抑制大脑内电信号传输的化学物质。这个过程是在健康成人来源的干细胞上进行复制的。

研究人员将“培养皿培养的大脑组织”产生的神经递质进行比较发现,精神分裂症患者来源的神经元分泌显著更多数量的儿茶酚胺类神经递质多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素。

儿茶酚胺类神经递质是由酪氨酸合成,众所周知,在各种精神疾病中,这些神经递质的调控发生了改变。几种药物可选择性地靶定大脑中这些神经递质的活性。

除了记录精神分裂症患者来源神经元的异常神经递质分泌之外,研究人员也观察到更多的神经元生产酪氨酸羟化酶——多巴胺生物合成途径中的第一个酶,利用这种酶可制造去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素。

这一发现非常重要,因为它对“为什么精神分裂症患者的儿茶酚胺类神经递质水平发生改变?”提供了一个原因:他们被预编程而具有更多的产生这些神经递质的神经元。

Hook说:“大脑中的所有行为都有一个神经化学基础。这项研究表明,我们可以研究精神分裂症患者神经元中的精确化学变化。”

未来的治疗应用包括,能够评估一个人的疾病严重程度,确定疾病的不同亚型,预先筛选患者,以使药物能够尽可能的帮助他们。该研究还提供了一种方法来检测新药的功效。Hook说:“我们可以看到来自单个患者的神经元的差异,这非常的强大。”

原始出处

Vivian Hookemail, Kristen J. Brennand5, Yongsung Kim, Thomas Toneff, Lydiane Funkelstein, Kelly C. Lee, Michael Ziegler, Fred H. Gage.Human iPSC Neurons Display Activity-Dependent Neurotransmitter Secretion: Aberrant Catecholamine Levels in Schizophrenia Neurons.Stem Cell Reports.2014

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    2015-03-08 维他命
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    2015-04-20 gwc392
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    2014-09-19 hbwxf
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