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郭宁教授:DECISION CTO和ABSORB III研究点评

2017-04-03 MedSci MedSci原创

冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)患者药物洗脱支架治疗与优化药物治疗的对比研究ACC 2017当地时间3月18日作为Late-Breaking Clinical Trials公布了DECISION CTO研究,引起了广大介入医生的关注。此研究是一项多中心(亚洲19个中心)、随机对照、非效劣性研究。主要研究终点为3年时包括死亡、心梗、中风、或血运重建的复合终点。此研究实际入选798例患者[387例被

冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)患者药物洗脱支架治疗与优化药物治疗的对比研究

ACC 2017当地时间3月18日作为Late-Breaking Clinical Trials公布了Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Versus Optimal Medical Treatment in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion (DECISION CTO)研究,引起了广大介入医生的关注。此研究是一项多中心(亚洲19个中心)、随机对照、非效劣性研究。主要研究终点为3年时包括死亡、心梗、中风、或血运重建的复合终点。

此研究实际入选798例患者[387例被分入药物治疗(OMT)组,411例被分入PCI治疗组]。在意向性治疗(ITT)人群中,估计的3年时事件率在OMT组为19.6%,在PCI组为20.6%(P=0.008非劣效)。OMT组与PCI组在死亡、心梗、卒中以及再次血运重建方面无显著性差异。但是按照perprotocol和astreated人群分析,OMT组未达到预设的非劣效标准。

研究结论为,对于冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变患者3年时死亡、心梗、卒中及血运重建的复合终点,优化药物治疗不劣于使用DES行PCI治疗。

ABSORB III研究2年随访结果在华盛顿时间3月18日上午第二个LBCT专场中压轴登场。该研究在冠心病患者中比较了依维莫司洗脱生物可吸收支架(BVS)和药物洗脱金属支架的远期效果,研究结果提示,与应用金属支架患者相比,应用BVS的患者2年时总体不良转归风险升高,但在适宜大小的血管中放置适宜的支架的患者中看到了较好的结果。

ABSORBIII研究是迄今评估AbsorbBVS长期效果的最大规模的临床试验,该支架是第一个能够在血管内完全降解的支架。研究共纳入193个中心的2008例稳定或不稳定心绞痛患者,按2:1比例随机接受Absorb支架(n=1322)或金属支架(n=686)。既往报告的1年结果提示,在主要研究终点方面,AbsorbBVS并不优于金属支架,靶病变失败率AbsorbBVS和金属支架组分别为3.7%和2.6%,差异无统计学显著性。第1年至第2年间的研究结果延续了这一结果,但在第2年结束时,接受AbsorbBVS的患者靶病变失败风险显著高于金属支架组(10.9%对7.8%)。这一差异绝大部分来自于靶血管导致的心脏病发作,AbsorbBVS和金属支架组发生率分别为7.3%和4.9%。在心血管死亡、缺血导致靶血管血运重建和支架周围血栓形成方面两组间无显著差异。

研究者认为,对研究方案依从性和放置支架技术存在差异可能是造成部分不良结局的原因。他们进行的亚组分析显示,正确应用和放置支架可将AbsorbBVS组和金属支架组2年时转归的差异缩小到非显著性水平。

点评DECISION CTO研究

DECISION CTO研究是首项比较优化药物治疗与DES置入对于冠状动脉CTO病变患者临床预后的多中心随机对照研究,为此类患者的治疗提供了临床治疗方式的依据。但是,此研究也引发了对于CTO病变是否需要血运重建尤其是PCI治疗的争议。

第一,此研究预计纳入1284例患者,但由于入选缓慢在纳入815例患者后研究提前终止。虽然此研究达到了统计学的非劣效终点,但由于入选时间长,入选病例数少于预计入选例数,统计学效力不够,可能会对研究结果产生偏移和影响。

第二,CTO患者不仅常常为多支血管病变,SYNTAX评分高,血管情况复杂;而且临床情况也比较复杂,常常合并糖尿病、CKD、陈旧心梗以及左心功能不全等高危临床情况,此类患者常常难以进行随机,因此,此研究的结果能否应用于真实世界中有待商榷。

第三,此研究的主要终点为包括死亡、心梗、中风及血运重建的硬终点,对于心绞痛症状的改善、心功能的提高并没有说明。已经有较多的单中心研究、回顾性分析及荟萃分析表明,PCI开通CTO患者MACE、MI、全因死亡率、心绞痛发生率、再次CABG、累积生存率均优于未开通CTO患者。

事实上,对于冠状动脉CTO病变的患者究竟应药物治疗还是血运重建PCI治疗,还是取决于患者的适应证选择,目前认为PCI的适应证包括患者是否具有心绞痛症状、心肌缺血范围的大小、存活心肌量的多少及是否伴随其他疾病等。如果CTO患者的临床症状不明显,但患者有以下的征象:心电图有病理性Q波形成、MRI、PET、thallium、室壁运动试验检测出心肌缺血证据等也可以行PCI。选择有适应证的CTO患者行DES植入,同时优化药物治疗,以期改善CTO患者的生活质量和长期疗效。

点评ABSORB III研究

ACC 2017当地时间公布了ABSORB III研究2年的结果,引起了广泛的关注。研究结果表明2年时BVS组的靶病变失败(TLF)显著高于EES组(10.9%vs7.8%,P=0.03),导致这一结果主要是由于BVS组靶血管心梗(TV-MI)的发生率显著高于EES组(7.3%vs4.9%,P=0.03)。但以上结果在排除小血管之后(QCARVD≥2.25mm)未见显著性差异。对于安全性结果(绝对/可能的支架内血栓),虽然BVS组高于EES组(1.9%vs0.8%),但未达到统计学差异。在BVS植入1-2年之间ABSORBIII的支架内血栓发生率为0.3%,近似于ABSORBCHINA的0.4%,低于ABSORBII(0.6%)和ABSORBJAPAN(1.5%)。

根据ABSORB的结果,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)发出警告信指出BVS植入可能有增加心脏不良事件的风险。但是这一风险主要体现于小血管,而BVS的适应血管为QCARVD≥2.25mm≤3.75mm。其次,BVS植入时应遵循PSP原则,即充分预处理病变、选择合适大小的支架、后扩张支架,最好有腔内影像学指导。此外,也许对于植入BVS的患者应适当延长双联抗血小板治疗时间。总而言之,我们可能需要更多的数据和更长的随访时间来说明BVS的有效性与安全性。

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    2017-09-26 智智灵药
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    2017-08-03 gao_jian4217
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915942, encodeId=597d191594201, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c5a89550ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#III#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9550, encryptionId=c5a89550ff, topicName=III)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Tue Sep 26 09:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1993596, encodeId=0f3919935968a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=17124e60f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4760, encryptionId=17124e60f1, topicName=CIS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri May 12 15:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1862762, encodeId=4bf21862e6265, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b69542242' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CTO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5422, encryptionId=0b69542242, topicName=CTO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c66088, createdName=gao_jian4217, createdTime=Thu Aug 03 03:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1956531, encodeId=9a0f195653113, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff385804c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DECISION#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5804, encryptionId=ff385804c0, topicName=DECISION)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf1d2500084, createdName=1249884fm87暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 05 05:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185391, encodeId=c6991853912b, content=文章不错,值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 05 21:55:50 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-05 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,值得分享

    0

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