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巨大阔韧带肌瘤伴巨大卵巢畸胎瘤超声表现1例

2019-12-25 曹小容 临床超声医学杂志

患者女,45岁,因“间断性尿频半年加重伴右侧腰部不适1d”就诊。超声检查:盆腹腔见一大小约19.0 cm×15.8 cm×9.7 cm巨大实性包块,左侧卵巢大小形态正常,右侧卵巢未满意探及。右侧输尿管上段扩张伴右肾积水(图1,2);CDFI可探及包块内少许条状血流信号(图3)。超声提示:浆膜下子宫肌瘤可能性大。

患者女,45岁,因“间断性尿频半年加重伴右侧腰部不适1d”就诊。超声检查:盆腹腔见一大小约19.0 cm×15.8 cm×9.7 cm巨大实性包块,左侧卵巢大小形态正常,右侧卵巢未满意探及。右侧输尿管上段扩张伴右肾积水(图1,2);CDFI可探及包块内少许条状血流信号(图3)。超声提示:浆膜下子宫肌瘤可能性大。
 

图1 经腹扫查盆腔巨大实性占位(m:巨大包块;bl:膀胱)
 

图2 巨大肌瘤压迫右侧肾脏致右肾积水(RK:右肾)
 

图3 子宫肌瘤彩色血流频谱图
 
MRI检查:子宫右侧壁巨大肿块影,大小约23 cm×13 cm×8 cm,与子宫浆膜层分界不清,右后方见一大小约10 cm×5 cm×6 cm类圆形混杂信号。MRI提示:①子宫肌瘤(浆膜下)可能性大;②考虑畸胎瘤。
 
入院后2d行剖腹探查术,术中见右侧阔韧带内见一大小约25 cm×15 cm×10 cm巨大包块,其基底部与子宫峡部由一蒂相连,子宫被包块挤向左侧盆腔。右侧输尿管变形,沿包块外侧阔韧带基底部走行再向内而进入膀胱。右侧卵巢增大,约8 cm×5 cm×5 cm。
 
行右侧输尿管镜下输尿管支架植入术、右侧阔韧带肌瘤摘除术、右侧附件切除术及子宫次全切除术,术后剖开包块内见灰白色水肿的肌性组织,螺旋状结构分界不清。卵巢内见淡黄色脂液、头发及少许白色石灰样物质。病理诊断:子宫阔韧带平滑肌瘤;右侧卵巢成熟畸胎瘤。
 
讨论:
 
巨大阔韧带肌瘤临床少见,同时伴有巨大卵巢畸胎瘤更加罕见。子宫肌瘤是女性生殖器最常见的良性肿瘤,好发于30~50岁妇女。根据阔韧带肌瘤与子宫的关系分为真性阔韧带肌瘤和假性阔韧带肌瘤。其中假性阔韧带肌瘤是特殊类型的浆膜下肌瘤,来源于子宫,本例即为此类型。假性阔韧带肌瘤由于其生长部位特殊,为突入阔韧带两叶之间的带蒂的浆膜下肌瘤,临床表现缺乏特异性,早期症状多不明显,后期多因肿瘤增大压迫邻近器官引起不适就诊,本例患者也因此就诊。
 
本例由于肌瘤巨大,超声未能显示卵巢畸胎瘤,而MRI弥补了超声这一不足,清楚地显影了肌瘤右后方的畸胎瘤。本例虽然包块巨大,但为良性病变,行手术切除后预后良好。超声虽有一定的局限性,容易受气体干扰及遮挡,但其简便、无辐射性及可重复扫查,当右侧卵巢未满意探及时,应当采用多切面、多方位、甚至变换探头等方法,尽可能地扩大扫查范围,以便更清楚地显示周围的情况,减少漏诊。
 
原始出处:

曹小容.巨大阔韧带肌瘤伴巨大卵巢畸胎瘤超声表现1例[J].临床超声医学杂志,2018(02):120+123.

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