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Nat Commun:上海药物所领衔团队在生物纳米材料领域取得新突破

2018-07-05 俞淼荣 iNature

2018年7月4日,《自然-通讯》杂志以“Rapid transport of deformation-tuned nanoparticles across biological hydrogels and cellular barriers”为题,在线报道了中科院上海药物所和国家纳米科学中心合作的最新研究成果。

2018年7月4日,《自然-通讯》杂志以“Rapid transport of deformation-tuned nanoparticles across biological hydrogels and cellular barriers”为题,在线报道了中科院上海药物所和国家纳米科学中心合作的最新研究成果。

与传统的给药方式相比,将药物分子搭载到纳米药物载体上可以实现药物的高效精确传递和可控释放。近年来,这种新型的给药方式在改善药物口服吸收和肿瘤治疗中已经取得了突破性的研究成果。然而,与简单的体外实验环境相比,纳米药物载体在到达靶组织和靶细胞之前需要克服生物体内的多重生理病理屏障,如:酶屏障、黏液屏障、细胞间质屏障、细胞屏障以及胞内转运屏障等。因此,为实现疗效最大化,设计和制备能够克服多重生理屏障并且具备高效的细胞摄入量的新型递送载体成为纳米药物从实验室转向临床应用的一个重要挑战。

前期,中国科学院上海药物研究所甘勇研究员和国家纳米中心施兴华研究员团队结合分子动力学模拟和超分辨率显微镜技术,发现棒状粒子特有的“旋转-跳跃”运动方式能促进其在网格状黏蛋白液体内的扩散速度,可有效提高递药效率,并提出了一个考虑颗粒黏附效应的障碍-扩散理论模型。相关成果陆续发表于Nano Letters 16, 7176-7182 (2016);固体力学旗舰期刊Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 112: 431-457 (2018)。同时,双方又发现制约纳米载体口服递药和肿瘤递药的共性生理因素:具有网状结构的生物凝胶(如黏液和肿瘤细胞间质)在药物载体抵达靶细胞前扮演了重要的阻滞作用,且单一调节载体的尺度、表面性质等往往不能够有效地克服递药过程中的多重生理屏障。

启发于肿瘤细胞较正常细胞具有更低的杨氏模量(刚度),加速肿瘤细胞的转移和扩散,研究人员考察不同刚柔性纳米药物载体在克服胞内外多重屏障的能力。采用微流控技术,设计制备了以磷脂膜为壳、聚丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(PLGA)为核的纳米颗粒载体。通过调节载体的力学性能,发现刚度适中的载体在生物凝胶中具有最高的扩散系数,且比不含PLGA内核的脂质体扩散系数提高10倍,进而拥有最优的细胞摄取量和药物递送能力。相关高效递药效果也在生物体内获得了验证。随后,结合高分辨显微镜观测和分子模拟技术,研究者对药物载体的力学性能调节其在生物凝胶屏障中扩散的力学机制进行了解析,即颗粒越软,易于变形,则载体与黏蛋白组织产生更强吸附影响其扩散;而过硬的颗粒不易变形,则容易陷入黏蛋白网络,也难以实现高效扩散。进而发现刚度适中的颗粒具有适宜的变形能力,易于穿越生物凝胶、细胞膜等多重屏障,具有最优的递药能力。这些发现将有助于科学家们利用物理属性(如形状、力学性能等)设计高效的药物载体。

该研究得到国家自然科学基金和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项的资助。来自上海交通大学和国家蛋白质中心的研究人员以多种方式提供了支持和帮助。

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    2018-10-26 zxxiang
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    2018-12-11 liuli5079
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    2019-06-07 liye789132251
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    2018-07-05 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-07-05 中医痴

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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