Baidu
map

为何海拔较高地区肺癌发病率低

2015-01-20 王英 生物通

瑞士医生Paracelsus说:“所有物质都是毒物,非毒物是不存在的,仅仅是量的多少左右了它们毒性的大小。”根据PeerJ最近发表的一项最新研究表明,即使氧气也可能发生上面所描述的情况。虽然氧气在人类生活中不可或缺,但氧代谢的某些方面可能会促发癌症。利用氧浓度与海拔高度呈反比的关系,研究人员发现,在海拔较高的地区肺癌发病率较低,这一趋势没有延伸至非呼吸道肿瘤,从而表明致癌物质是通过吸入而发生的。

瑞士医生Paracelsus说:“所有物质都是毒物,非毒物是不存在的,仅仅是量的多少左右了它们毒性的大小。”根据PeerJ最近发表的一项最新研究表明,即使氧气也可能发生上面所描述的情况。虽然氧气在人类生活中不可或缺,但氧代谢的某些方面可能会促发癌症。利用氧浓度与海拔高度呈反比的关系,研究人员发现,在海拔较高的地区肺癌发病率较低,这一趋势没有延伸至非呼吸道肿瘤,从而表明致癌物质是通过吸入而发生的。

在美国,肺癌引起27%的癌症死亡,每年夺去160,000人的生命。虽然吸烟与高达90%的肺癌病例有关,但是这项新的研究表明,大气中的氧气可能在肺癌的发生发展过程中发挥作用。

氧气是高反应性的,即使在它在被我们细胞仔细和快速消耗的时候,它会引起活性氧物种(ROS)——可导致细胞损伤和突变。然而氧气组成整个大气的21%,海拔较高地区的低压会引起较少的吸入氧——这一影响众所周知会挫败高海拔地区的运动员。例如,在美国一些县之间,海拔差异可导致从加州因皮里尔县(-11 m)科罗拉多圣胡安县(3473 m)的氧水平减少34.9%。

为了探讨吸入氧是否可能是一种人类致癌物,宾夕法尼亚大学和加州大学的两名研究人员,比较了美国西部不同海拔县市之间的癌症发生率。他们发现,随着这些县市海拔高度的增加,肺癌的发病率逐渐降低。这种效果非常明显,海拔每上升1000米(3281英尺),每100,000人当中就减少7.23例病例,相当于平均大约13%的肺癌发病率。各种统计技术证明这种关联性并非偶然。

所观察到的关联性并不能证明氧气会导致肺癌。这项研究关注的是群体而不是个人,除了氧水平之外,还有许多变量与海拔有关。因此,研究人员进行了深入分析,以探讨潜在的混淆因素。他们的模型对重要风险和人口变量做出了解释,例如吸烟率和教育程度。这一关联在群体亚组、州和模型之间是一致的。

研究人员还评估了乳腺癌结肠癌和前列腺癌:美国其余三大最常见癌症。海拔与这些非呼吸道癌症之间的关联性很弱或者没有,从而支持吸入性风险因素的假设。此外,海拔相关的环境因素,例如日晒和细颗粒物(污染的一个衡量),与海拔本身相比,会产生非常差的肺癌发病率预测。

过去两项流行病报告——将海拔作为一个混杂因素,提出海拔依赖性氧变化是高海拔地区较低癌症死亡率的原因。不同于之前这两项研究,当前这项研究特别注重评估海拔的影响,并得益于最近越来越多的高质量县级数据。总的来说,这项研究依赖于超过30个变量,有足够的覆盖率和精确度,能够包括约250个美国西部县。利用高分辨率的人口普查数据,研究人员计算出可反映每个县内人口分散的海拔值,从而更准确地估算每个县人口的大气暴露。所有的资源是公用的,从而强调了开放数据对于未来科学发现的重要性。

作者希望有更多的研究人员将他们的注意力集中在“氧气在人类致癌作用中所扮演的角色”。对不同地区和个人层次数据集的分析,将带来进一步的流行病学证据。最终,完全控制的、实验性的、利用癌变模型的研究,将是理解这一现象的关键所在。

如果未来的分析确定氧气可驱动肿瘤发生,那么其医学意义是非常大的。但是,基于这一发现,作者并不推荐个人进行迁徙,但是确定一个通用的主要危险因素,可能会为肺癌的病因提供新的见解。根据这些见解,可能会产生更好的治疗和预防措施。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799799, encodeId=b28d1e99799e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e3fe127909' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71279, encryptionId=9e3fe127909, topicName=癌发病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2c92500045, createdName=12498636m49(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Apr 27 09:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823226, encodeId=d62518232266f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Jan 22 08:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688378, encodeId=171516883e83e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df81656161b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#海拔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65616, encryptionId=df81656161b, topicName=海拔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f1c128575901, createdName=12498974m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 01:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17729, encodeId=7f111e72957, content=氧毒性?还是与ROS有关?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 15:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079234, encodeId=1d4720e923484, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=659ce1280ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71280, encryptionId=659ce1280ee, topicName=癌发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1777154, createdName=chenhongpeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 02:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799799, encodeId=b28d1e99799e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e3fe127909' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71279, encryptionId=9e3fe127909, topicName=癌发病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2c92500045, createdName=12498636m49(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Apr 27 09:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823226, encodeId=d62518232266f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Jan 22 08:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688378, encodeId=171516883e83e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df81656161b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#海拔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65616, encryptionId=df81656161b, topicName=海拔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f1c128575901, createdName=12498974m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 01:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17729, encodeId=7f111e72957, content=氧毒性?还是与ROS有关?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 15:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079234, encodeId=1d4720e923484, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=659ce1280ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71280, encryptionId=659ce1280ee, topicName=癌发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1777154, createdName=chenhongpeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 02:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799799, encodeId=b28d1e99799e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e3fe127909' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71279, encryptionId=9e3fe127909, topicName=癌发病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2c92500045, createdName=12498636m49(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Apr 27 09:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823226, encodeId=d62518232266f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Jan 22 08:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688378, encodeId=171516883e83e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df81656161b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#海拔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65616, encryptionId=df81656161b, topicName=海拔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f1c128575901, createdName=12498974m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 01:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17729, encodeId=7f111e72957, content=氧毒性?还是与ROS有关?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 15:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079234, encodeId=1d4720e923484, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=659ce1280ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71280, encryptionId=659ce1280ee, topicName=癌发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1777154, createdName=chenhongpeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 02:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799799, encodeId=b28d1e99799e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e3fe127909' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71279, encryptionId=9e3fe127909, topicName=癌发病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2c92500045, createdName=12498636m49(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Apr 27 09:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823226, encodeId=d62518232266f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Jan 22 08:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688378, encodeId=171516883e83e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df81656161b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#海拔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65616, encryptionId=df81656161b, topicName=海拔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f1c128575901, createdName=12498974m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 01:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17729, encodeId=7f111e72957, content=氧毒性?还是与ROS有关?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 15:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079234, encodeId=1d4720e923484, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=659ce1280ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71280, encryptionId=659ce1280ee, topicName=癌发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1777154, createdName=chenhongpeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 02:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-05 lovetcm

    氧毒性?还是与ROS有关?

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799799, encodeId=b28d1e99799e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e3fe127909' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71279, encryptionId=9e3fe127909, topicName=癌发病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2c92500045, createdName=12498636m49(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Apr 27 09:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1823226, encodeId=d62518232266f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2873e9220e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37922, encryptionId=b2873e9220e, topicName=发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Thu Jan 22 08:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688378, encodeId=171516883e83e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df81656161b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#海拔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65616, encryptionId=df81656161b, topicName=海拔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f1c128575901, createdName=12498974m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 23 01:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17729, encodeId=7f111e72957, content=氧毒性?还是与ROS有关?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 15:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079234, encodeId=1d4720e923484, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=659ce1280ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌发病率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71280, encryptionId=659ce1280ee, topicName=癌发病率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1777154, createdName=chenhongpeng, createdTime=Thu Mar 12 02:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

JACR:肺癌筛查评分系统Lung RADS公布

美国密歇根大学Ella Kazerooni的一项回顾性研究评估了肺部病变的评分系统。希望像乳腺癌ACR的BI-RADS一样,继续使用0-4的等级,成为肺癌筛查的一个新工 具。Lung RADS于2014年4月被批准发布,研究者们希望它可将患者的肺部筛查诊断结果和登记信息整合到一起,该项目结果发布在2015年J Am Coll Radiol上.研究者简要概括了在筛查过程中CT检查到的肺部病

Nivolumab三期临床提前终止,PD-1抑制剂治疗肺癌倒计时

今天,百时美施贵宝(BMS)的PD-1抑制剂Opdivo(nivolumab)治疗非小细胞肺癌的一个3期临床被提前终止。这个代号为CheckMate-017的3期临床头对头比较Opdivo和多西他赛治疗之前接受过治疗的,鳞状的晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性。因为一个独立的数据监测委员会评估Opdivo治疗组的总生存期明显优于多西他赛对照组,达到预期的实验终点,施贵宝决定终止该临床实验。 一个随机

PD-1市场硝烟再起,默沙东将向FDA提交Keytruda肺癌适应症审批申请

2015年伊始,默沙东打算向FDA提交两款肿瘤和丙肝新药的审批申请,打响2015年的第一仗。 去年9月,Keytruda (pembrolizumab)成为首个获FDA批准的PD-1抑制剂,用于治疗晚期的、不可切除的黑色素瘤。默沙东近日宣布,其用于治疗非小细胞肺癌(无ALK或EGFR突变)肿瘤免疫疗法Keytruda (pembrolizumab)将提交FDA批准。 此番动作势必会点燃与百

PET诊断早期肺癌N1淋巴结转移准确性欠佳

近年来,早期肺癌的非外科性的局部治疗,如体外定向放射治疗,消融治疗等局部治疗,其应用逐渐增多,虽然肺癌局部治疗患者往往死于远处转移,但也有一部分患者是因为局部淋巴结控制不佳所致。因此局部治疗前需明确患者是否存在N1淋巴结的转移,而PET是判断淋巴结是否存在转移较好的非侵袭性诊断方法,但其用于诊断肺癌N1淋巴结转移评估的报道目前较少。 近日,来自MD-Anderson癌症中心的Swishe

JCO:立体定向放射治疗加化疗可提高IV期肺癌患者的生存率

UT西南医学中心的癌症研究人员报道,在一个结合立体定向放射治疗与特定的化疗方案临床试验中,IV期肺癌患者的生存率增加了一倍多。相比单用厄洛替尼治疗的仅仅6 - 9个月的生存时间,名为SBRT的体部立体定向放射治疗与化疗药厄洛替尼的结合,能够提高总生存时间至20个月。这种联合治疗能够延长患者无进展生存期,使相似的肺癌患者无进展生存期从以前的2-4个月延长至14.7个月。“我们的方法极大地改变了复发的

构建循环护理体系对小细胞肺癌经PICC化疗期间并发症的影响研究

肺癌是目前世界上发病率以及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,手术结合放化疗的传统治疗方法难以达到满意效果,而晚期小细胞肺癌的临床治疗效果更差。小细胞肺癌约占肺癌的1/4,其生物学行为与非小细胞肺癌明显不同,临床过程和疾病的自然病程明显快于非小细胞肺癌。 近日,江苏省肿瘤医院113病区研究人员发表论文,旨在探讨循环护理体系在小细胞肺癌患者经PICC化疗期间的临床护理效果。研究指出,循环护理体系可有效提升护

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map