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Stroke:CADASIL患者软脑膜动脉存在显著的内膜增生但管腔不狭窄

2013-03-22 geniusgodyu 丁香园

CADASIL软脑膜动脉存在显著的内膜增生但没有管腔狭窄 软脑膜动脉异常还没有专门列为CADASIL(伴皮层下梗死和脑白质病变的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病)的一个特征。为此,美国密歇根大学神经科的Hairong Dong博士等人进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表在2013年3月12日的Stroke杂志上。研究结果显示:CADASIL软脑膜动脉的主要改变包括内膜增厚和中膜变薄,但不包括管腔变窄。



CADASIL软脑膜动脉存在显著的内膜增生但没有管腔狭窄
软脑膜动脉异常还没有专门列为CADASIL(伴皮层下梗死和脑白质病变的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病)的一个特征。为此,美国密歇根大学神经科的Hairong Dong博士等人进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表在2013年3月12日的Stroke杂志上。研究结果显示:CADASIL软脑膜动脉的主要改变包括内膜增厚和中膜变薄,但不包括管腔变窄。平滑肌样细胞参与了CADASIL动脉新生内膜的增厚。
研究人员对6位遗传学诊断为CADASIL患者、6位无脑血管病症状的对照及6位非常高龄患者的脑额叶及颞叶皮层进行检验,了解软脑膜动脉内、中和外膜的厚度、内径及硬化指数以及平滑肌标志物。
研究结果显示:CADASIL动脉内膜的厚度比对照及非常高龄的患者厚5倍(P<0.0001)。CADASIL中膜的厚度比对照及非常高龄的患者更薄(P<0.01)。CADASIL的外膜相比年龄匹配的对照没有显著增厚。CADASIL相比对照动脉直径更小。CADASIL组相较其他组的硬化指数显著增高(P<0.00001)。CADASIL的内膜细胞表达平滑肌活动素、S100A4和波形蛋白,但没有表达肌间线蛋白。
该研究发现:CADASIL软脑膜动脉的主要改变包括内膜增厚和中膜变薄,但不包括管腔变窄。平滑肌样细胞参与了CADASIL动脉新生内膜的增厚。

Background and Purpose
Leptomeningeal artery abnormalities in Cerebral Autosomal–Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) have not been extensively characterized. We quantified substructure and diameter of leptomeningeal arteries in CADASIL compared with age-matched controls and the very old; in addition, we characterized intimal thickening in CADASIL using immunohistochemistry.
Methods
Frontal and temporal cortex of 6 genetically proven CADASIL brains (average age, 66 years), 6 controls without symptoms of cerebrovascular disease, and 6 very old brains (average age, 89 years) were examined for leptomeningeal artery intimal, medial, and adventitial thickness; inner diameter; and sclerotic index and for smooth muscle markers.
Results
The intima of CADASIL arteries was thickened 5-fold compared with controls and the very aged (P<0.0001). Medial thickness was lower in CADASIL compared with controls and the very old (P<0.01). The adventitia was not significantly increased in CADASIL compared with age-matched controls. Arterial diameters were not smaller in CADASIL compared with controls. Sclerotic index was significantly increased in CADASIL compared with other groups (P<0.00001). Intimal cells in CADASIL expressed smooth muscle actin, S100A4, and vimentin but not desmin.
Conclusions
Principle changes of leptomeningeal arteries in CADASIL include intimal thickening and medial thinning, but not luminal narrowing. Smooth muscle–like cells participate in neointimal thickening of CADASIL arteries.

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    2013-03-24 般若傻瓜

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最新的证据提示现有最好的药物治疗可能足以预防无症状性颈动脉狭窄患者卒中的发生。如果真是这样的,那么确定治疗所降低的风险就显得至关重要。为此,英国圣乔治大学卒中与痴呆研究中心的Alice King博士等人进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表在2012年11月27日的Stroke杂志上。结果发现:抗血小板治疗和血压控制是降低无症状颈动脉狭窄患者短期卒中和心血管风险的最重要因素。 该研究为无症状性颈动脉栓

Stroke:ACE2缺乏和氧化应激在老龄脑血管功能障碍中发挥了重要作用

血管紧张素II产生氧化应激和脑动脉内皮功能不全,血管紧张素II的I型受体可能在寿命及血管衰老中起到作用。血管紧张素转化酶2型(ACE2)将血管紧张素II转化为血管紧张素(1-7),并可对血管紧张素II的效应起保护作用。美国爱荷华州大学的Ricardo A. Pena Silva博士等人通过研究发现:ACE2缺乏损害成年鼠脑动脉内皮功能,加剧了衰老过程中内皮功能的损害。氧化应激在ACE2缺乏和衰老诱

Stroke:未破裂颅内动脉瘤夹闭后的MR-DWI阳性病灶数有助预测症状性缺血并发症

未破裂颅内动脉瘤夹闭后症状性缺血并发症(症状性缺血并发症SIC、短暂性脑缺血发作或卒中)、微血栓(根据MR的弥散加权图像,即MR-DWI阳性进行判断)的危险因素,以及MR-DWI阳性,即DWI(+)与SIC之间的关系尚不明确。为此,韩国Yonsei医学院Severance医院影像科的Byung Moon Kim博士等人进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表在2012年11月29日的Stroke杂志上。研

Stroke:脑血管再灌注有待进一步发展

早期再灌注对急性脑缺血和急性心肌缺血都是最有效的治疗方法。但是头颈部循环床为再通的干预提出了更大的挑战。再灌注的历史性发展情况之前还没有出现过系统性比较。为此,美国加州大学David Geffen医学院神经科的Jeffrey L. Saver等人进行了一项研究,研究结果在线发表在2012年11月27日的Stroke杂志上。研究结果发现:脑缺血相对心脏缺血的再灌注治疗发展更慢,效果也更差。需要脑血管

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