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各种十二指肠良、恶性肿瘤影像图(附病例多例)

2018-01-08 佚名 熊猫放射

十二指肠良性及恶性肿瘤的各种影像表现(附病例),值得收藏!

十二指肠绒毛状腺瘤(Villous Duodenal Adenoma)

58岁男性,餐后消化不良。

内镜检查示:十二指肠第二、三部粘膜呈结节样;邻近十二指肠乳头(箭)可见绒毛状腺瘤。



超声内镜:无蒂肿物,呈中等回声,分叶状,固有肌层(箭)完整,呈环状低回声。



消化道造影:十二指肠二、三部可见无蒂充盈缺损,粘膜不规则,呈皂泡样表现(箭)。



CT【冠状动脉晚期(层厚1mm)及轴位延迟期(层厚5mm)】:十二指肠降段及水平段可见相对富血供的增厚的分叶状病变(箭),表现为腔内充盈缺损(c图?)。正常十二指肠粘膜如十二指肠近段(箭头)所示。







镜下:a,×20,腺瘤样息肉,局部高度不典型增生及原位癌;b,×200,高度不典型增生;c,×200,原位腺癌。



小 结

腺瘤(adenomas)约占十二指肠良性肿瘤的1/2。

绒毛状腺瘤(villous adenomas)是腺瘤样息肉的一种亚型,有高度恶性潜能。

小肠绒毛状腺瘤主要发生于十二指肠,但是在所有十二指肠肿瘤中仅占1%。

大部分绒毛状腺瘤见于十二指肠第二部(降段),起源于壶腹或壶腹周围区域的恶变率高达30-60%。

大部分绒毛状腺瘤为散发,部分见于家族性腺瘤样息肉综合征患者。

平均年龄为56岁,无性别差异;

临床表现与病变部位有关,可无症状,或消化不良,或梗阻性黄疸。由于肿瘤脆性较高,十二指肠绒毛状腺瘤最易发生隐匿性出血表现,其次为肠梗阻表现。

消化道造影:病灶体积小不易显示,较大时可表现为结节样或皂泡样、菜花状充盈缺损。

对怀疑肿瘤的病例均应行内镜检查,有助于术前诊断绒毛状腺瘤,但不足以除外癌。可行内镜下活检,但有较高的假阴性率。超声内镜可评估肠壁结构及粘膜下浸润深度。

CT表现:无特异性,密度不均,不同程度强化,体积较大病变可呈脑回样。CT的作用在于明确肿瘤的腔外侵犯程度,评估局部有无肿大淋巴结,有助于制定手术计划。

十二指肠良性肿瘤:胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors, GIST)、平滑肌瘤、脂肪瘤、腺瘤(绒毛状、管状、Brunner腺)、错构瘤;

恶性肿瘤:腺癌、恶性GIST、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤、类癌、转移瘤等。

间叶源性肿瘤是最常见的良性十二指肠肿瘤,腺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤。

非肿瘤:弯曲的假性息肉、炎性肿物、血肿、淋巴样增生、粘膜脱垂、异位胃粘膜、异位胰腺等。

附2例 十二指肠腺瘤:

女,64岁,间断性上腹部隐痛。

胃镜示:十二指肠降段可见2×3cm粘膜增生,绒毛状。

CT增强:十二指肠降段肠壁局部不规则结节样增厚,凸向腔内,中度强化。

术后病理:绒毛状管状腺瘤,伴中度,局灶伴重度不典型增生。







女,51岁,上腹部胀痛,进食时加剧。

胃镜示:十二指肠乳头肿物。

CT增强:十二指肠乳头结节样增大,强化较明显。

术后病理:(十二指肠乳头)管状腺瘤伴中度不典型增生,局灶重度不典型增生。










附3例 十二指肠腺癌:

女,76岁,反复腹胀伴恶心、呕吐、纳差1月余。

胃镜:十二指肠球部梗阻;

CT:十二指肠降段不规则软组织肿块,肠腔缩窄,周围增大淋巴结;

术后病理:(十二指肠球部) 高分化腺癌并淋巴结转移。





男,67岁,阵发性上腹部疼痛。

CT:十二指肠降段肠壁明显不规则增厚,肠腔缩窄,病变与胰头分界不清;

术后病理:(十二指肠)乳头状腺癌II级,累及胰腺。





男,75岁,皮肤巩膜黄染1月余。

CT:十二指肠乳头区可见不规则结节样软组织密度灶,上游胆总管明显扩张;

术后病理:(十二指肠乳头)溃疡型中至低分化腺癌。






临床表现:易发生上消化道出血症状,不易导致肠梗阻。

附3例 十二指肠GIST:

女,31岁,上消化道出血。

胃镜:十二指肠肿物,活检提示粘膜慢性炎;

CT:十二指肠降段上部见富血供结节灶,凸向腔内,边缘欠光整;

术后病理:(十二指肠)胃肠道间质瘤。





男,52岁,上腹部疼痛不适,加重伴黑便8天余。

胃镜:十二指肠球后部溃疡;

CT:十二指肠降段后内侧不规则肿物,主要向腔外突出,肿瘤不均质强化,内部坏死区与肠腔相通,其内可见气体;肠腔无明显狭窄。

术后病理:(十二指肠)胃肠道间质瘤,危险度评估:高危。



女,47岁,扪及右腹部包块1个月。

MR:十二指肠降段走行区类圆形肿物,体积大,信号欠均匀,中度强化,明显弥散受限,相应肠腔受压变窄,无明显梗阻。

术后病理:(十二指肠)胃肠道间质瘤,危险度评估:高危。













女,80岁,进食后上腹部不适半年。

超声内镜:十二指肠球腔后壁粘膜下隆起,低回声,边界清楚,截面约0.8×0.5cm。

CT增强:动脉期明显强化小结节,边界较清楚。

术后病理:(十二指肠)粘膜下神经内分泌肿瘤。







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    2018-01-16 jyzxjiangqin

    十二指肠良恶性肿瘤.

    0

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    2018-01-13 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-01-13 jyzxjiangqin

    十二指肠良恶性.

    0

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    2018-01-09 thlabcde

    好资料学习了!

    0

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    2018-01-08 cscdliu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

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