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Nature: 肿瘤免疫治疗新靶点——Wnt/beta-catenin

2015-05-13 佚名 生物谷

5月11日,来自芝加哥大学的研究人员将他们的最新研究成果在线发表在了Nature 杂志上。他们发现,黑色素瘤细胞可以通过产生大量的beta-catenin,从而将它们自己与免疫系统的抗癌前线武器-T细胞屏蔽。他们还发现了,beta-catenin是如何阻止T细胞浸润到肿瘤细胞,从而减弱免疫治疗效果的。最后,研究人员们提出建议,该如何绕开这个障碍。黑色素瘤的治疗在研发出了免疫疗法之后,有了革命性的改

5月11日,来自芝加哥大学的研究人员将他们的最新研究成果在线发表在了Nature 杂志上。他们发现,黑色素瘤细胞可以通过产生大量的beta-catenin,从而将它们自己与免疫系统的抗癌前线武器-T细胞屏蔽。他们还发现了,beta-catenin是如何阻止T细胞浸润到肿瘤细胞,从而减弱免疫治疗效果的。最后,研究人员们提出建议,该如何绕开这个障碍。

黑色素瘤的治疗在研发出了免疫疗法之后,有了革命性的改观。这些治疗策略包括阻断激活T细胞上的免疫抑制受体,例如,利用抗CTLA-4,PD-1和PD-L1的单 抗。然而,仅仅一部分的患者对这些治疗有效,他们常常是在治疗前,已经存在有T细胞的抗肿瘤反应,因为在肿瘤的微环境中可以检测到CD8T细胞的浸润。而没有T细胞浸润的黑色素瘤患者,常常是对免疫疗法抵抗耐药的。

为了研究清楚是什么细胞信号传导通路,破坏了T细胞浸润到黑色素瘤,研究人员们比较了黑色素瘤的病人样本。这些样本中,91名病人是没有T细胞浸润的,106名病人是有T细胞浸润且引发了炎症的。通过对这两组样本的分析,研究人员发现,激活的beta-catenin信号在两组间有最大的差异。49%的无T细胞浸润的样本呈现出高水平的beta-catenin活性,且6个beta-catenin的靶基因也有显著的升高。而在T细胞浸润组,仅4%的肿瘤样本表现出了相似的信号模式。接下来,研究人员利用小鼠黑色素瘤模型发现,beta-catenin高表达的癌症细胞确实是可以阻止T细胞进入到肿瘤的微环境中,而且还可以降低CD103+树突状细胞(DC)的数量。DC细胞是对外来入侵者的清道夫,如病原体或是肿瘤细胞。当DC细胞发现有有害的微生物或是细胞损伤时,它们会把这些危险信号传递到淋巴结,递呈给T细胞,T细胞就会向肿瘤浸润。研究人员发现,没有beta-catenin的肿瘤细胞可以产生免疫信号分子CCL4,这个分子可以吸引CD103+DC。但是,表达高水平beta-catenin的肿瘤细胞可以抑制CCL4 的表达,因此,没有吸引来CD103+DC细胞,也没有T细胞向肿瘤的浸润。最后,研究人员将Flt-3配体诱导的骨髓DC打入无T细胞浸润的小鼠肿瘤模型,对黑色素瘤有一定的治疗效果,但如果再联合使用抗CTLA-4和PD-L1单抗后,抑瘤效果显著增加。

这项研究发现,肿瘤内高表达的beta-catenin可能是黑色素瘤抵抗免疫治疗的机制之一。研究结果提示我们,对于那些对免疫治疗抵抗的患者,直接注射病人自身的CD103+DC细胞,或是先利用放疗引起肿瘤的炎症,接下来再联合使用免疫治疗,效果可能会更好。


原始出处:

Stefani Spranger, Riyue Bao & Thomas F. Gajewski.Melanoma-intrinsic β-catenin signalling prevents anti-tumour immunity.Nature, May 11, 2015.doi:10.1038/nature14404

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    2015-10-20 liye789132251
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    2015-05-15 lsndxfj
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    2015-05-15 zhwj

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