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Science:科学家发现ALS和FTD等神经退行性疾病病因

2015-05-26 佚名 生物通

来自美国梅奥诊所(Mayo Clinic)的科学家们构建出了一种新型小鼠,其显示出与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS,又称渐冻人症)和额颞痴呆(FTD)最常见的遗传形式相关的一些症状和神经退行性变。ALS和FTD这两种疾病都是由于C9ORF72基因突变引起。这项研究发布在近期的《科学》(Science)杂志上。  美国有3万多ALS患者,ALS破坏了控制包括说话、行走、呼吸和吞咽等基本动作的神

来自美国梅奥诊所(Mayo Clinic)的科学家们构建出了一种新型小鼠,其显示出与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS,又称渐冻人症)和额颞痴呆(FTD)最常见的遗传形式相关的一些症状和神经退行性变。ALS和FTD这两种疾病都是由于C9ORF72基因突变引起。这项研究发布在近期的《科学》(Science)杂志上。 


美国有3万多ALS患者,ALS破坏了控制包括说话、行走、呼吸和吞咽等基本动作的神经。而FTD位列在阿尔茨海默氏症之后,是最常见的早发性痴呆形式。性格、行为和语言改变是该病的特征,其是由大脑额、颞叶神经元损失所导致。C9ORF72基因突变的患者表现与这两种疾病相关的所有或部分症状。 

论文的资深作者、梅奥诊所神经科学系教授Leonard Petrucelli博士说:“我们的小鼠模型显示出在携带C9ORF72突变的患者中看到的一些ALS和FTD症状及病理。这些小鼠有可能大大增进我们对ALS和FTD的认识,加速开发出有效的治疗方法。” 

为了构建出这一模型,Petrucelli研究组成员、梅奥诊所研究所Jeannie Chew将一种致病版本的C9ORF72基因注入到新生小鼠脑内。随着小鼠年龄的增长,它们变得过度活跃、焦虑和孤僻,此外还显示出与患者的某些症状相似的运动问题。这些小鼠的大脑比正常要小,控制受累行为的脑区域有着较少的神经元。科学家们还发现这些小鼠的大脑具有两种疾病的一些关键标志,包括有毒的RNA聚集体及TDP-43——很早以前人们就已经知道TDP-43蛋白在大多数的ALS和FTD病例中出错。 

NIH下属国家神经疾病与中风研究所项目主任Margaret Sutherland博士说:“这是该领域取得的一个重大的进展。科学家们一直试图构建出小鼠来精确地模拟与这些形式的ALS和FTD相关的病理学。这一小鼠模型将成为有价值的工具用于开发针对这些破坏性疾病的治疗方法。” 

C9ORF72基因是由6个DNA碱基的重复序列编码。致病C9ORF72使得这一重复序列过长而导致RNA累积,或簇聚成为称作RNA凝集体(RNA foci)的结构,或导致患者大脑和脊髓中生成异常的c9RAN蛋白。科学家们在这些小鼠的大脑中发现了这两种物质。他们还发现了携带C9ORF72突变的患者的另一个病理学标志——TDP-43蛋白质团块(包涵体)。 

Petrucelli说:“在这些小鼠中发现TDP-43出乎我们的意外。尽管我们还不知道RNA凝集体和c9RAN蛋白与TDP-43异常的关联,但借助于我们的新动物模型,我们现在找到了一条途径来阐明它。” 

Petrucelli博士和他的研究小组认为,这些研究结果是朝着开发出针对这些形式的ALS、FTD以及其他神经退行性疾病的治疗方法迈出的重要一步。 

原始出处:

Jeannie Chew1,2, Tania F. Gendron1, Mercedes Prudencio1, et al.C9ORF72 repeat expansions in mice cause TDP-43 pathology, neuronal loss, and behavioral deficits.Science, May 14, 2015. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9344 

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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

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    2015-05-28 jichang
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