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Front Immunol:肠道微生物系与自身免疫性疾病的因果关系

2022-02-17 医路坦克 MedSci原创

自身免疫性疾病(ADS)是指个体的免疫系统错误地攻击宿主组织的情况。越来越多的证据表明,肠道微生物区系组成的改变与自身免疫密切相关。

自身免疫性疾病(ADS)是指个体的免疫系统错误地攻击宿主组织的情况。患有ADS的患者通常会忍受终身衰弱的症状,器官功能丧失,工作效率降低,以及高昂的医疗费用。

虽然目前对ADS的病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚,但遗传成分、环境因素及其相互作用在ADS的发生发展中具有重要意义。此外,越来越多的证据表明,肠道微生物区系组成的改变与自身免疫密切相关。

肠道微生物区系被定义为生活在人类胃肠道中的微生物群落。在许多AD研究中已经观察到肠道微生物失调。例如,多项研究报告了系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者和1型糖尿病(T1D)患者的氟米特/类杆菌比率降低。一项病例对照研究报告了多发性硬化症(MS)患者中甲烷短杆菌和阿克曼氏菌的丰度增加,丁立单胞菌的丰度降低。Chen等人发现类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者粪便杆菌减少,埃格氏菌和柯林斯氏菌扩张。

在本研究中,我们对SLE、RA、IBD、MS、T1D和CED等6种ADS进行了全面的双样本MR分析,旨在探讨肠道微生物区系与多种ADS之间的因果关系。

我们评估了来自已发表的GWASs的肠道微生物区系和6种常见ADS{系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、炎症性肠病、多发性硬化症、1型糖尿病(T1D)和乳糜泻(CED)}的基因组相关研究(GWAS)摘要统计数据。首先进行了两个样本的MR分析,以确定发现样本中ADS的致病细菌分类群。重要的细菌分类群在独立的复制结果样本中进一步复制。为了验证结果的稳健性,进行了一系列的敏感性分析。最后,进行反向MR分析以评估反向因果关系的可能性。

结合发现和复制阶段的结果,我们鉴定出一种致病细菌属,双歧杆菌。双歧杆菌属相对丰度越高,患T1D[优势比(OR):1.605;95%CI,1.339~1.922;PFDR=4.19×10−7]和CED的危险性(OR:1.401;95%CI,1.139~1.722;PFDR=2.03×10−3)越高。进一步的敏感性分析验证了上述关联的稳健性。反向MR分析结果表明,T1D和CED与双歧杆菌属之间没有反向因果关系。

这项研究暗示了双歧杆菌属与T1D和CED之间的因果关系,从而为肠道微生物区系介导的ADS的发育机制提供了新的思路。

文献来源:Xu Q,  Ni JJ,  Han BX,et al.Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Front Immunol 2021;12

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