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解析哺乳动物体温调节神经环路机制

2017-02-18 黄辛 中国科学报

上海科技大学生命科学与技术学院沈伟课题组在解析哺乳动物体温调节的神经环路机制方面取得重要进展。相关成果日前发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》。

上海科技大学生命科学与技术学院沈伟课题组在解析哺乳动物体温调节的神经环路机制方面取得重要进展。相关成果日前发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》

体温调节紊乱(如发烧和中暑),会打乱很多人体重要的生理活动,严重时甚至危及生命。体温调节主要受下丘脑等中枢神经控制,但其具体控制机制仍然不清楚。为此,沈伟课题组利用光遗传学、钙信号记录、核糖体亲和纯化等手段,从神经环路水平,对小鼠下丘脑的作用进行了解析。

研究组发现,热(38摄氏度)会激活下丘脑视前区的亚区(vLPO)神经元。用光遗传学手段激活这些神经元,则会触发强烈的体温下降和活动度降低;而抑制这些神经元则会迅速升高体温,达到高烧水平(40.7摄氏度)。因此,vLPO神经元主要负责散热和降低体温。

而冷(10摄氏度)则激活下丘脑的另一个亚区——下丘脑背内侧核的背侧(DMD)神经元。通过光遗传学等手段激活这些DMD神经元,会引起体温的升高和活动度的上升;而抑制这些神经元则会导致体温和活动度的降低。因此,DMD神经元主要控制产热。

此外,负责降温的神经元会抑制DMD的产热神经元。这种抑制作用能够在恶劣的高热环境中有效降低体温。

这项研究成果发现部分解释了冷和热引起的差异化体温调节的神经环路机制,为人们深入理解中暑、发烧等生理病理反应,以及探索脂肪产热的调节机制提供了新的线索。

原始出处:
Zhao Zheng-Dong, Yang Wen Z, Gao Cuicui ,et al. A hypothalamic circuit that controls body temperaturePNAS 2017, published ahead of print January 4, 2017.

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