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PNAS:研究表明肌萎缩性侧索硬化症是一种蛋白疾病

2014-10-29 佚名 生物谷

近日研究发现,研究人员运用一项技术来说明个体蛋白微弱的改变,康奈尔大学化学研究人员已经发现了新的引起肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)的原因。 ALS是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病,它通常具有遗传特性,基因缺陷导致它可以被遗传。科学家早已知道破坏性的蛋白质编码基因是“超氧化物歧化酶1”或SOD1,这是一个关键的含铜酶,该酶通过破坏自由基来保护细胞免受氧化损伤。 科学家们推测,ALS疾病是由于神经

近日研究发现,研究人员运用一项技术来说明个体蛋白微弱的改变,康奈尔大学化学研究人员已经发现了新的引起肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)的原因。

ALS是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病,它通常具有遗传特性,基因缺陷导致它可以被遗传。科学家早已知道破坏性的蛋白质编码基因是“超氧化物歧化酶1”或SOD1,这是一个关键的含铜酶,该酶通过破坏自由基来保护细胞免受氧化损伤。

科学家们推测,ALS疾病是由于神经元氧化损伤所导致的,Crane说。但他和他的同事们提供了另一种假说:强有力的证据表明由于SOD1蛋白质结构不稳定引起的突变导致ALS疾病。这会引起蛋白质的运动增强,Crane将它比作“呼吸。”这种运动可以促进他们的聚合,或凝集在一起——该过程对健康细胞是有毒的。

“ALS这种形式是一种蛋白质聚集体疾病,就像阿尔茨海默病和帕金森疾病一样。”Crane说。

在很长一段时间内人们试图通过研究SOD1突变来了解ALS,但正常蛋白质的性质和突变蛋白质的性质是非常相似的。科学家们利用ESR光谱第一次看到了两种蛋白之间的明确的差异。Crane说,通过用其他方法进行验证,动态的蛋白质通过突变发生了巨大的变化,它们显示出聚合的倾向。

在PNAS杂志上相关文章表明x射线散射也用于研究蛋白质的结构变化和能力之间的相互作用。研究人员发现,蛋白质聚合的水平与ALS症状的严重程度相关。

研究结论指出,ALS发生的可能性与蛋白聚合的毒性有较大的关联而和SOD1活性突变的作用关联较小,Crane说。ALS是一种迟发性的疾病,人们在晚年的生活会受到影响。“SOD1的散发性突变来自自然过程,但是尚不清楚它们是否会引起疾病的发生。”他说。

原始出处

Pratt AJ1, Shin DS1, Merz GE2, Rambo RP3, Lancaster WA4, Dyer KN3, Borbat PP5, Poole FL 2nd4, Adams MW4, Freed JH5, Crane BR2, Tainer JA6, Getzoff ED7.Aggregation propensities of superoxide dismutase G93 hotspot mutants mirror ALS clinical phenotypes.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Oct 14.

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    2015-08-20 drwjr
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    2015-04-10 chendoc252
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