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Nature子刊:GABA能神经元或成为抗抑郁药的新靶点

2016-11-10 佚名 生物探索

导语:近日,来自宾州州立大学的一项研究表示,增强γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元活性,提升GABA神经递质水平在抑郁症模型小鼠中具有抗抑郁效果。该研究发表于Nature子刊Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,为开发更加快速有效的抗抑郁药提供了新见解。近日,来自宾州州立大学的一项研究表示,增强γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元活性,提升GABA神经递质水平在抑郁症模型小鼠中具有抗抑郁效果。

导语:近日,来自宾州州立大学的一项研究表示,增强γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元活性,提升GABA神经递质水平在抑郁症模型小鼠中具有抗抑郁效果。该研究发表于Nature子刊Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,为开发更加快速有效的抗抑郁药提供了新见解。

近日,来自宾州州立大学的一项研究表示,增强γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元活性,提升GABA神经递质水平在抑郁症模型小鼠中具有抗抑郁效果。该研究发表于Nature子刊Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,为开发更加快速有效的抗抑郁药提供了新见解。

GABA是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中一种重要的抑制性神经递质,其功能紊乱与一系列神经精神疾病密切相关。越来越多的证据表明,GABA功能障碍是重度抑郁症(major depressive disorder,MDD)的罪魁祸首之一。一些研究显示,抑郁症患者脑中常常出现GABA浓度降低。

增强SST+中间神经元活性产生抗抑郁作用

研究人员通过阻断与MDD相关的一组特殊神经元上的GABA受体来增强GABA信号。这组神经元被称为SST+中间神经元(生长抑素阳性-GABA能中间神经元),它可以产生抑制性神经递质GABA,后者作用于周围的神经元降低它们的活性。周围的这些神经元大多数释放兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸。当研究人员选择性地阻断SST+中间神经元上的GABA受体时,这些细胞将不再接收到抑制信号,从而释放过量的GABA,后者降低谷氨酸能神经元的活性。因此,接受治疗的抑郁症模型小鼠表现出抗抑郁行为。此外,小鼠脑组织的生化改变与接受抗抑郁药物治疗的小鼠类似。



有趣的是,增强GABA能的药物——苯二氮卓类被广泛应用于抗焦虑和镇静,但是却没有证据表明这类药物有抗抑郁效果。因此,长久以来抑郁症中GABA信号缺乏并没有受到科学家们的广泛关注。但是这项新研究表明,GABA确实在抑郁症中扮演着重要角色,苯二氮卓类药物无抗抑郁作用可能存在其他原因。

经典抗抑郁药物最终都通过改善GABA能产生作用

目前常用的抗抑郁药物主要是增强5-羟色胺的功能,其次是去甲肾上腺素的功能。这些药物对将近40%的患者是无效的,并且起效非常缓慢,往往患者用药几周都不能感觉到显著地改善。这种缓慢的疗效表明这些药物的作用机制远离与发病直接相关的靶点。相反,目前的这项研究表明,这类药物最终都是通过增强GABA能中间神经元来发挥作用的。此外,该研究小组此前的研究发现,这些药物可以缓解GABA传递缺陷的基因工程小鼠的抑郁样大脑状态。因此,通过改变5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素发挥疗效的抗抑郁药物最终都是修正GABA传递的缺陷,这意味着靶向作用于GABA信号的新药可能成为更加有效的抗抑郁药。

抗抑郁作用需特异性地作用于SST+中间神经元

在这项研究中,研究人员操控的GABA能神经元表达一种名为生长抑素的神经肽,它们占前脑所有GABA能神经元的30%。最近有研究表明,抑郁症患者尸检的脑组织中,这种神经元的基因表达异常,并且不同于其他GABA能神经元,它们选择性地作用于谷氨酸能神经元的树突树。生长抑素阳性的GABA能神经元可以限制抑郁症的主要原因之一——慢性应激引起的神经网络的过度激活。

这项研究结果对“GABA增强药物可以作为快速有效的抗抑郁药”这一观点加以确认。不过,寻找能特异性地作用于生长抑素阳性的GABA能神经元或者作用于介导GABA信号反应的GABA受体神经元的药物是至关重要的。

原始出处:

T Fuchs1,6, S J Jefferson1,6, A Hooper2, P-HP Yee1, J Maguire3 and B Luscher1,4,5.Disinhibition of somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons results in an anxiolytic and antidepressant-like brain state.Molecular Psychiatry .November 2016

Sam Sholtis.Pennsylvania State University.Increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brains of depressed mice has antidepressant effects.Pennsylvania State University.November 8, 2016

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    2017-05-12 liye789132251
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    2017-01-26 wetgdt
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    2016-11-17 指甲娃娃

    特别的理论,加油,罗氏实验失败了,你能成功就好

    0

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    2016-11-12 lsndxfj
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    2016-11-10 xiehhtt

    新观点,关注中

    0

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