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汇总:值得一看的先天性心脏病研究精华一览

2017-02-26 MedSci MedSci原创

先天性心脏病是先天性畸形中最常见的一类,约占各种先天畸形的28%,先天性心脏病发病率不容小视,占出生活婴的0.4%~1%。先天性心脏病的种类很多,其临床表现主要取决于畸形的大小和复杂程度。复杂而严重的畸形在出生后不久即可出现严重症状,甚至危及生命。本文小编为您汇总整理了相关研究进展,与大家分享。【1】Heart:成人先天性心脏病患者住院天数的临床预测!近日,在心脏病领域权威杂志Heart上发表

先天性心脏病是先天性畸形中最常见的一类,约占各种先天畸形的28%,先天性心脏病发病率不容小视,占出生活婴的0.4%~1%。先天性心脏病的种类很多,其临床表现主要取决于畸形的大小和复杂程度。复杂而严重的畸形在出生后不久即可出现严重症状,甚至危及生命。本文小编为您汇总整理了相关研究进展,与大家分享。


近日,在心脏病领域权威杂志Heart上发表了一篇研究文章,在当前的这项研究工作中,研究人员试图解决这个知识空白。

研究人员分析可美国阿肯色州、加利福尼亚州、弗罗里达州、夏威夷、内布拉斯加和纽约的州立住院患者数据库。研究人员重点分析了成人先天性心脏病患者的住院数据,并且构建了一系列的分层回归模型来确定对成人先天性心脏病患者住院天数影响最大的临床因素。

研究人员确定了99103名住院病人,他们都满足研究的纳入标准。与最长的住院天数的患者其诊断为败血症(心房间隔缺损患者住院天数为14.2天,在所有其他成人先天性心脏病患者的住院天数为11.7天)、心包炎、心内膜炎和心肌炎(住院天数分别为13.6天和10.0天)。当对潜在的解剖结构进行区分,与更长住院天数最相一致的变量为细菌感染、手术或医疗并发症、急性肾脏疾病和贫血。

在本研究中,研究人员确定了与成人先天性心脏病患者更长住院天数相关的危险因素。这些数据可用于识别高危患者并进行有针对性的干预措施来减少住院天数,而从降低成本。


透明质酸(HA)是小鼠内皮细胞发生间质转化和心脏正常发育所必需的。透明质酸酶2缺失(Hyal2−/−)的小鼠和人会发生心脏异常提示HA的清除在正常心脏发育中很重要。最近,心血管领域权威杂志Circulation-cardiovascular genetics上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员在Hyal2−/−小鼠中进行了一项关于心脏结构和功能的纵向研究,旨在确定Hyal2−/−在何时会如何导致这些异常的。

研究人员采用超声心动图发现Hyal2−/−小鼠在4周龄时心房扩大、心房组织肿块、瓣膜增厚以及舒张功能障碍并年龄的增长而进展。相比于对照小鼠,Hyal2−/−小鼠的这些异常与HA、波形蛋白阳性细胞和纤维化增加相关。根据心功能障碍的严重程度,Hyal2−/−小鼠被分为急性组和慢性组,分别在12周和25周死亡。Hyal2−/−胚胎心脏中增加的HA水平与骨髓间充质细胞,而不是血管内皮生长因子,表明HYAL2是抑制内皮细胞间质转型的重要因素。与此相一致,在野生型的胚胎中,很容易检测到HA和 HYAL2,并且HA水平随年龄增长而下降。

这些数据表明Hyal2−/−小鼠会扰乱正常的HA分解代谢,导致HA增加,可促进内皮细胞向间质细胞转化以及间质细胞的增殖。过量的内皮细胞间质转化,导致间充质细胞增多,是人类和小鼠心脏形态异常的可能原因。在小鼠中,这些异常会导致渐进性和严重的舒张功能障碍,最终发生心脏衰竭。


近日,心血管疾病领域权威杂志JAHA上发表了一篇荟萃分析文章,该系统评价的文章为针对危重先天性心脏病儿童家庭后续的研究以及加强的生活护理提供了明智的建议。

研究人员针对这一问题通过使用系统综述和荟萃分析指南的优先报告条目进行了一项系统回顾,研究人员纳入了30个关于PCCHDs心理健康的研究。文献揭示了PCCHDs发生心理问题的风险增加,特别是在进行心脏手术不久的几个星期和几个月内。高达30%的PCCHDs有与创伤后应激障碍诊断条目相一致的症状,超过80%的参与者存在临床上显著的创伤症状;25%至50%的PCCHDs报告了存在临床上有所增加的抑郁或焦虑症状,并且30%到80%的患者报告经历了严重的心理困扰。这些研究中用于评估研究成果、方法学质量和父母社会文化的组成的指标有着较高的变异性。

由此可见,迫切需要对这些随着时间的推移的心理健康问题的严重程度、病程、持续时间和调节因素进行研究,并且进一步开发和检验筛选方法和干预措施,以至于可以有效地加入到持续的小儿心脏保健中来。

【4】Obstet Gynecol:糖尿病母亲的宝宝患先天性心脏病的风险增加

近日,妇产科领域权威杂志Obstetrics &Gynecology发表了一篇研究文章,旨在探究孕前或妊娠期糖尿病与子代先天性心脏缺陷的风险之间的关系,以及大于胎龄儿与糖尿病妇女子代出现心脏缺陷风险之间的关系。


在914,427例新生儿中(包括活产、死胎、终止妊娠),5618例(0.61%)新生儿母亲出现孕前糖尿病和9726例(1.06%)新生儿母亲出现妊娠期糖尿病;有10,575例新生儿被确诊患有先天性心脏缺陷。在各个组间心脏缺陷发生率有所不同:在孕前糖尿病的母亲中,其子代每10,000人就有344例心脏缺陷患儿;妊娠期糖尿病母亲其子代每10,000人有172例心脏缺陷患儿;在非糖尿病母亲中,其子代每10,000人只有114例心脏缺陷患儿(调整的相对风险分别为2.92,95%可信区间为2.54–3.36和1.47,95% 可信区间为1.26–1.71)。

在研究期间,先天性心脏缺陷调整后的相对风险并没有改变。研究人员也比较了正常胎龄儿和巨大胎龄儿(出生体重大于平均值超过3个标准偏差以上)发生心脏缺陷的风险。对于孕前糖尿病母亲,其子代心脏缺陷的患病率分别为每10,000人248例(正常胎龄儿)和561例(巨大胎龄儿)(相对风险为2.23,95%可信区间为1.39–3.59),而对于妊娠期糖尿病母亲,其子代心脏缺陷的患病率分别为每10,000人132例和388例(相对风险为2.73,95% 可信区间为1.53–4.85)。

由此可见,自1994以来挪威糖尿病母亲其子代患先天性心脏缺陷风险增加的情况并没有改变,在孕前或妊娠糖尿病母亲中,大于胎龄儿的新生儿,相比于正常胎龄儿,其患心脏缺陷的风险增加2-3倍。


既往研究已经表明,先天性心脏病(CHD)与胎盘异常相关。但是我们对这种关联的性质和结局仍然知之甚少。当前这项研究的目的是估计CHD所有的主要亚型和出生时胎盘重量之间的联系,以及胎盘重量和CHD胎儿整体和脑生长测量值之间的关联。

研究纳入了1997-2011年出生的924422例丹麦单胎活产儿。7569例存在CHD。校正潜在的混杂因素后,通过多变量线性回归,比较CHD新生儿和非CHD新生儿的胎盘重量z分的平均差异。

结果表明,CHD与胎盘重量平均z分相差-0.04(95%CI -0.07,-0.02)有关。一些CHD亚型与出生时更小的胎盘有关:法洛四联症 -0.45 (95%CI -0.58, -0.31),右心室双出口 -0.48 (95%CI -0.87, -0.10),大的室间隔缺损 -0.41 (95%CI -0.52, -0.29)。出生时胎盘重量z分数与各亚组新生儿的出生体重和头围有关。上述三个亚型中的新生儿,与普通人群的头围和出生体重z分数相比,最高下降达66 %。

结果表明,这三种CHD亚型与更低的胎盘重量有关;此外,胎盘重量和CHD新生儿的整体生长和脑生长相关测量指标有关。


对于含有叶酸的多种维生素和叶酸强化食物对于先天性心脏病(CHDs)的效果,以前的研究结果都不一致。

来自加拿大的研究人员在加拿大(除魁北克省和马尼托巴省)进行了一项基于人群的队列研究,纳入了从1990年到2011年期间出生的所有活产婴儿和妊娠≥20周的死产婴儿(包括后期终止妊娠)(n=5901701)。CHD病例在新生儿和婴儿期进行诊断(n=72591)。研究人员比较了在1998年(规定叶酸强化的那一年)前后,CHD亚型的患病率和时间趋势。一项基于22年,14个地域的生态研究和泊松回归分析被用来量化叶酸强化食物对非染色体CHD亚型的影响(n=66980),同时研究人员对产妇年龄,孕前糖尿病,早产先兆子痫,多胎,以及妊娠终止的变化进行了控制。

总CHDs患病率为每1000次分娩12.3%。除了房间隔缺损(患病率显著增加),大多数CHDs亚型患病率在1990年至2011年间都下降了。叶酸强化食物与圆锥动脉干畸形(调整后率比[aRR]0.73,95%置信区间[CI],0.62-0.85),主动脉缩窄(aRR,0.77; 95%CI,0.61- 0.96),室间隔缺损(aRR,0.85; 95%CI,0.75-0.96),以及房间隔缺损(aRR,0.82; 95%CI,0.69-0.95)发生率降低有关,但严重非先天性心脏缺陷(aRR,0.81; 95% CI,0.65-1.03)和其他心脏或循环系统异常(aRR,0.98; 95%CI,0.89-1.11)发生率并没有因此而降低。

叶酸强化食物和具体CHDs发病率降低之间的关系为该干预措施额外的益处提供了适度的证据。


研究人员报道,≥30岁的先天性心脏病患者,尤其是紫绀型先天性心脏病患者,发展为2型糖尿病的风险增加。

研究人员分析了5149名出生于1980至1963岁的丹麦先天性心脏病患者,他们在30岁时还活着。Nicolas Madsen博士和同事给每一名先天性心脏病患者匹配了10名相同性别和出生年的健康对照。

对严重的先天性心脏病、年龄、性别、早产和心外的缺陷进行校正后,研究者发现,≥30岁的先天性心脏病患者其2型糖尿病累积发病率为4%,与对照组相比,先天性心脏病患者的糖尿病风险更高(HR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6)。与非紫绀型先天性心脏病相比,紫绀型先天性心脏病的人患糖尿病风险增加(HR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3)。

2型糖尿病传统危险因素如肥胖和久坐的生活方式在成人先天性心脏病的人群中是常见的;紫绀型先天性心脏病患者的风险更高,可能与慢性缺氧有关、与糖代谢异常有关,或是与糖尿病有关的常见遗传或环境风险因素有关。


三维心脏超声心动图检查在先天性心脏病患者的管理中已经非常重要,本文的目的是为三维心脏超声心动图在先天性心脏病包括技术因素,成像,应用于不同病变,程序指导和功能评估等方面优化应用。(全文获取

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    2017-02-28 huirong
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    2017-02-28 flysky120

    谢谢,好文章

    0

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    2017-02-27 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    先天性心脏病患儿非常多,有的比较复杂、需要手术治疗的多

    0

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    2017-02-27 ffffffffff

    休息休息休息想

    0

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    2017-02-27 有备才能无患

    母亲年龄大,有糖尿病怀孕应谨慎,胎儿先天性疾病与此有关

    0

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    2017-02-27 雾夜芭蕾

    研究精华一览

    0

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    2017-02-27 ren1mw

    先天性心脏病是先天性畸形中最常见的一类,诊断最重要

    0

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    2017-02-27 laymankey

    感谢您的分享!

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369268, encodeId=9d811369268e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc9f28589d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#先天性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28589, encryptionId=bc9f28589d0, topicName=先天性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 13:23:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178181, encodeId=6f991e81810a, content=谢谢,好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Tue Feb 28 10:14:03 CST 2017, time=2017-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178069, encodeId=4ba51e806955, content=先天性心脏病患儿非常多,有的比较复杂、需要手术治疗的多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Feb 27 09:11:48 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178063, encodeId=b7271e806374, content=休息休息休息想, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160823/IMG57BBA4F88B06B5498.jpg, createdBy=29f71719637, createdName=ffffffffff, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 08:43:25 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178057, encodeId=cb521e805710, content=母亲年龄大,有糖尿病怀孕应谨慎,胎儿先天性疾病与此有关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 08:08:16 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178049, encodeId=aea11e804901, content=研究精华一览, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLBkyaelI9ia3n9SbuKmBdaY0PqCOzd0nhRUstroXmUmXZ5EBTmibtLEvCCIpyHAqxQXGfZz49ibrwjkg/0, createdBy=39781652829, createdName=雾夜芭蕾, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 07:30:20 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178040, encodeId=32c31e80408c, content=先天性心脏病是先天性畸形中最常见的一类,诊断最重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160916/IMG57DBEDBBA66BD2947.jpg, createdBy=3b181951777, createdName=ren1mw, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 06:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178033, encodeId=bfbf1e80336e, content=感谢您的分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 00:41:45 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178022, encodeId=1c171e8022fe, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Feb 27 00:04:23 CST 2017, time=2017-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-27 milkshark

    这个不错

    0

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