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用局部加权回归散点平滑法(LOWESS)观察二维变量之间的关系

2016-08-27 谢益辉 统计之都

二维变量之间的关系研究是很多统计方法的基础,例如回归分析通常会从一元回归讲起,然后再扩展到多元情况。局部加权回归散点平滑法(locally weighted scatterplot smoothing,LOWESS或LOESS)是查看二维变量之间关系的一种有力工具。 LOWESS主要思想是取一定比例的局部数据,在这部分子集中拟合多项式回归曲线,这样我们便可以观察到数据在局部展现出来的规律和趋势;

二维变量之间的关系研究是很多统计方法的基础,例如回归分析通常会从一元回归讲起,然后再扩展到多元情况。局部加权回归散点平滑法(locally weighted scatterplot smoothing,LOWESS或LOESS)是查看二维变量之间关系的一种有力工具。 LOWESS主要思想是取一定比例的局部数据,在这部分子集中拟合多项式回归曲线,这样我们便可以观察到数据在局部展现出来的规律和趋势;而通常的回归分析往往是根据全体数据建模,这样可以描述整体趋势,但现实生活中规律不总是(或者很少是)教科书上告诉我们的一条直线。我们将局部范围从左往右依次推进,最终一条连续的曲线就被计算出来了。显然,曲线的光滑程度与我们选取数据比例有关:比例越少,拟合越不光滑(因为过于看重局部性质),反之越光滑。 本文的数据文件:物种数目与海拔高度(感谢中科院植物所赖江山博士提供数据并授权使用) R程序代码: # 从本站counts.txt文件直接将数据读入R x = read.csv("http://cos.name/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/counts.txt") par(las

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=186810, encodeId=ee3118681049, content=以前没有用过。学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAU2wVkTeANBK9R3rSMa9LcU72r7swR61YTJ7oZWL1MzhnJhRqMIsPZvCgHPwqmpYhDYKYK7dcwibS/0, createdBy=0cab1623974, createdName=hanchunhee, createdTime=Wed Apr 12 08:24:02 CST 2017, time=2017-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405699, encodeId=27011405699ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a5404e589d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47589, encryptionId=a5404e589d7, topicName=局部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d14c2562456, createdName=chg122, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 10:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106095, encodeId=24b3106095c4, content=继续努力学习?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160601/IMG574E13FEE55F33222.jpg, createdBy=929c1478678, createdName=zibozhouping, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 06:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106014, encodeId=8d5710601450, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 23:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106015, encodeId=32a510601590, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 23:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105765, encodeId=c171105e65b3, content=高深, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 19:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-12 hanchunhee

    以前没有用过。学习了。

    0

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    2016-08-29 chg122
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=186810, encodeId=ee3118681049, content=以前没有用过。学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAU2wVkTeANBK9R3rSMa9LcU72r7swR61YTJ7oZWL1MzhnJhRqMIsPZvCgHPwqmpYhDYKYK7dcwibS/0, createdBy=0cab1623974, createdName=hanchunhee, createdTime=Wed Apr 12 08:24:02 CST 2017, time=2017-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405699, encodeId=27011405699ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a5404e589d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47589, encryptionId=a5404e589d7, topicName=局部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d14c2562456, createdName=chg122, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 10:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106095, encodeId=24b3106095c4, content=继续努力学习?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160601/IMG574E13FEE55F33222.jpg, createdBy=929c1478678, createdName=zibozhouping, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 06:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106014, encodeId=8d5710601450, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 23:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106015, encodeId=32a510601590, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 23:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105765, encodeId=c171105e65b3, content=高深, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 19:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-28 zibozhouping

    继续努力学习?

    0

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    2016-08-27 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-08-27 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-08-27 gyczyxy

    高深

    0

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