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补充益生菌是智商税吗?对于准妈妈来说还真不是!尤其GDM!

2021-10-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

益生菌补充剂改善健康和GDM孕妇的血糖和胰岛素抵抗/敏感性:一项随机对照试验的系统综述和荟萃分析

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是最常见的妊娠并发症,由于肥胖症和孕妇的平均年龄增加,其患病率在全球持续上升,在中国高达14.8%。患GDM的女性怀孕后五到十年内会更有可能患上糖尿病,高达20%-60%,其后代代谢疾病发生率也显著增加。因此,孕妇高血糖和胰岛素抵抗的防治已成为全球关注的问题。生活方式干预与药物治疗是控制母体高血糖和胰岛素抵抗的主要方法,但其使用在孕产期间都有一定局限性,寻求改善高血糖和胰岛素抵抗的更好方法至关重要。

益生菌在改善肠道微环境, 调节免疫系统, 和预防全身疾病和炎症发挥重要作用,在不少研究中被视为改善孕妇血糖和胰岛素抵抗/敏感性的一种潜在、经济和实用的方法,但仍有部分研究得出了一些相互矛盾的结论。

本研究旨在综合更多高质量的随机对照试验(RCTs),以提供益生菌补充剂对血糖控制、胰岛素抵抗/敏感性和孕妇GDM预防作用的证据。

通过搜索11个电子数据库,共查出4644篇文章,最终根据选择标准仔细审查,纳入20 个 RCT(图1):

20项研究覆盖2972名参与者。参与者分为三个分组:超重或肥胖的孕妇、患有GDM的妇女和健康的孕妇。干预类型包括益生菌胶囊(16项研究)、食物 (1项研究)和益生菌酸奶 (3项研究)。根据每个结果指标的测量时间,本次审查将持续时间分为两个子组:短期(≤12周)和长期(>12周)。表1显示了所有研究的特征:

图2显示所有纳入研究的文献质量评估:

1、益生菌补充剂对血糖的影响

在有2555名参与者的20项研究中,与对照组相比,干预组的FPG水平降低(MD =−0.11; 95% CI =−0.15 to −0.04;
P =0.0007) (表2)。对于益生菌补充剂对不同参与者的影响结果表明,在GDM组(MD = +0.12;95% CI = +0.24 to +0.01,P=0.04)和健康孕妇组 (MD = +0.07; 95% CI = +0.11 至 +0.02;P=0.004)中,干预组与安慰剂组都明显不同 。分析益生菌不同干预时长的结果表明,短期干预有利于孕妇提高FPG水平,而长期干预没有好处(MD = +0.13;95% CI = +0.22 至 +0.04;P=0.006)。在干预类型方面,益生菌胶囊(MD = +0.008;95% CI = +0.17 至 +0.03;P=0.008) 比益生菌酸奶 (MD = +0.09; 95% CI = +0.18 至 0.00,P=0.05) 更能提高 FPG 水平。大剂量益生菌补充剂具有统计学意义 (MD = +0.10; 95% CI = +0.17 至 +0.03;P=0.004)。

2、1小时和2小时OGTT和HbA1C评估

六项研究报告OGTT,包括1434名参与了1h OGTT和1491名参与了2hOGTT的者(表2)。荟萃分析结果表明,1h OGTT (MD = -0.07; 95% CI = +0.25 至 0.10;P=0.42) 和 2h OGTT (MD = +0.03; 95% CI = +0.17 至 0.12;P=0.72)中干预组与对照组之间没有显著差异。在按妊娠状态和干预形式分层的子组分析中,1 h OGTT 的结果 (MD = +0.04; 95% CI = +0.24 至 0.16;P=0.71) 和 2h OGTT (MD = 0.01; 95% CI = +0.15 至 0.18;P=0.89)超重/肥胖孕妇与对照组没有差异;益生菌胶囊未在 1h OGTT (MD = +0.23; 95% CI = +0.24 至 0.70;P=0.75) 和 2h OGTT (MD = 0.03; 95% CI = +0.11 至 0.18;P=0.65)中明显降低数据。在三项研究中共有389名孕妇报告了HbA1c,结果显示没有显著差异(MD = +0.05;95% CI = +0.12 至 0.03;干预组和对照组之间的 P =0.23)。

3、益生菌对胰岛素的影响

16项研究共覆盖1446名参与者测量了关于FPI水平的信息(表2)。与干预组和对照组相比,观察到显著减少(MD = 1.68;95% CI = +2.44 至 +0.92);P < 0.00001)。与超重/肥胖孕妇相比,GDM孕妇FPI水平(MD - 2.40;95% CI为−3.70至−1.09;P - 0.0003)和健康女性(MD - 1.77;95% CI - 2.40至- 1.14;0.00001)显著降低。

对于不同类型的益生菌干预,短期干预可促进胰岛素控制(MD=−1.55;95% CI - 2.17至- 0.93;P < 0.00001)而不是长期干预(MD=0.42;95% CI - 2.38 - 3.18;P< 0.77)。经过敏感性分析,短期干预的结果是稳定的,但长期干预(MD = 1.32;95% CI = +2.02 至 +0.63;P=0.0002)对降低胰岛素水平有积极影响。在不同的干预形式方面,益生菌胶囊可能有效减少胰岛素(MD = 1.66;95% CI = +2.59 至 +0.73;P < 0.00001)。在荟萃分析中,小剂量 (MD = +0.29; 95% CI = +0.41 至 +0.17;P < 0.00001) 和大剂量 (MD = +0.29; 95% CI = +0.34 至 +0.24;P < 0.00001) 益生菌有显著差异,但异质性由76%降至38%,进行敏感性分析后,合并结果仍然稳定。

 

16项研究的1383名参与者测得的HOMA-IR结果表明,与对照组相比显著改善(MD = +0.36;95% CI = +0.53至+0.20;P < 0.00001) (表2)。对于不同的妊娠状态,结果显示,患有GDM(MD = 0.59;95% CI = +0.88 至 +0.30)的妇女益生菌补充剂;P < 0.00001) 和健康女性 (MD = 0.34; 95% CI = +0.48 至 +0.20;P < 0.00001) 对 HOMA-IR 有积极影响。然而,无论是否进行了敏感性分析,超重/肥胖妇女都无法获得积极的结果。关于不同干预的持续时间,分组分析结果表明,短期干预(MD = 0.47;95% CI = +0.64 至 +0.31;P < 0.00001) 收获收益:长期干预没有积极的结果(MD = +0.15;95% CI = +0.61 至 0.32;P=0.53),但这种干预的结果在敏感性分析后发生了变化(MD = +0.27;95% CI = +0.47 至 +0.08;P=0.006)。

此外,有242名参与者进行了4项研究,测量了HOMA-B(表2)。同样分析结果表明,益生菌对减少HOMA-B有积极影响(MD = 21.80;95% CI = 31.92 至 +11.67;P < 0.00001)) 。当涉及到不同的怀孕状态时,荟萃结果表明益生菌也有利于GDM(MD = +25.25;95% CI = +39.04 至 +11.47;P=0.0003) 和健康女性 (MD = +17.74; 95% CI = +32.66 至 +2.82;P=0.02)。而益生菌的剂量并没有影响对HOMA-IR和HOMA-B的影响。

9项研究招收了582名参与者,测量了QUICKI(表2)。与对照组相比,益生菌组的 QUICKI 有所改进 (MD = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.00 至 0.01;P=0.001)。对于不同的妊娠状况分析结果表明,GDM (MD = 0.00; 95% CI = 0.00 至 0.01;P=0.03) 和健康女性 (MD = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.01 至 0.03;P=0.001)与对照组的妇女相比略有不同。考虑到研究的数量,仅对大剂量组进行荟萃分析,干预组和安慰剂组之间存在统计学差异。

GDM的发病率在7项研究中进行了测量,共覆盖1645名参与者。干预组和对照组之间没有统计学差异(RR = 1.03;95% CI = 0.94 至 1.18;P=0.67)。对于不同的孕妇,获得相同的结果(RR = 1.09;95% CI = 0.95 至 1.25;P=0.24)。关于益生菌的不同持续时间和干预类型,长期干预(RR = 1.03;95% CI = 0.90 至 1.18;P=0.69) 和益生菌胶囊 (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.92 至 1.21;P=0.44) 没有降低 GDM 的发病率。

在子组分析之后,进行了灵敏度分析,产生了类似的结果,但精度更高,异质性较小,大多数汇集的结果显示相对稳定 (表3)。纳入的大部分研究都集中在漏斗顶部,这进一步证明样本量大,而且这次审查是可信的(图3)。

荟萃分析表明,益生菌补充剂对提高FPG水平、胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素敏感性有积极影响,特别是在GDM和健康孕妇中。经过亚群分析,益生菌胶囊的效果优于益生菌酸奶,短期干预(≤12周)似乎更有效,以及大剂量益生菌(≥10)9CFU)在减少FPG方面发挥了作用。然而,益生菌补充剂既没有改善HbA1c和1h和2hOGTT的水平,也没有降低GDM的发病率,因此益生菌可能不是理想的预防策略。

虽然这项研究的结果没有显示出对控制血糖的显著影响,但益生菌的积极作用仍不容否认。益生菌有望成为糖尿病的辅助治疗策略。

 

原文来源:

Yu-Qing Pan, et al,Probiotic Supplements Improve Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance/Sensitivity among Healthy and GDM Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2021, Article ID 9830200, 17 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9830200

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    2023-04-10 侠胆医心 来自上海

    补充#益生菌##智商税#?不是!益生菌补充剂对提高FPG水平、胰岛素水平、#胰岛素抵抗##胰岛素敏感性#有积极影响,特别是在GDM和健康孕妇中。#妊娠期糖尿病#

    0

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2124701, encodeId=eb2d2124e0131, content=补充<a href='/topic/show?id=5d0ee2249b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生菌#</a>是<a href='/topic/show?id=1aa5105835d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商税#</a>?不是!益生菌补充剂对提高FPG水平、胰岛素水平、<a href='/topic/show?id=a7cc8388290' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛素抵抗#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=f10d8388651' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛素敏感性#</a>有积极影响,特别是在GDM和健康孕妇中。<a href='/topic/show?id=9d5d44888a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期糖尿病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72249, encryptionId=5d0ee2249b0, topicName=益生菌), TopicDto(id=105835, encryptionId=1aa5105835d0, topicName=智商税), TopicDto(id=83882, encryptionId=a7cc8388290, topicName=胰岛素抵抗), TopicDto(id=83886, encryptionId=f10d8388651, topicName=胰岛素敏感性), TopicDto(id=44888, encryptionId=9d5d44888a9, topicName=妊娠期糖尿病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Mon Apr 10 01:24:58 CST 2023, time=2023-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2069509, encodeId=d58e2069509e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71de3120157' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#准妈妈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31201, encryptionId=71de3120157, topicName=准妈妈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Sun Oct 17 22:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1189572, encodeId=fc9c11895e2c6, content=值得进一步深入研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee616470317, createdName=ms8000002131411968, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 19:39:03 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1323018, encodeId=e41213230188a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Tue Oct 12 13:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404391, encodeId=b92814043919d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db62e905e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GDM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7905, encryptionId=db62e905e8, topicName=GDM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=330f2470752, createdName=朱睿睿, createdTime=Tue Oct 12 13:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-01 ms8000002131411968

    值得进一步深入研究

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2124701, encodeId=eb2d2124e0131, content=补充<a href='/topic/show?id=5d0ee2249b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生菌#</a>是<a href='/topic/show?id=1aa5105835d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商税#</a>?不是!益生菌补充剂对提高FPG水平、胰岛素水平、<a href='/topic/show?id=a7cc8388290' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛素抵抗#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=f10d8388651' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛素敏感性#</a>有积极影响,特别是在GDM和健康孕妇中。<a href='/topic/show?id=9d5d44888a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期糖尿病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72249, encryptionId=5d0ee2249b0, topicName=益生菌), TopicDto(id=105835, encryptionId=1aa5105835d0, topicName=智商税), TopicDto(id=83882, encryptionId=a7cc8388290, topicName=胰岛素抵抗), TopicDto(id=83886, encryptionId=f10d8388651, topicName=胰岛素敏感性), TopicDto(id=44888, encryptionId=9d5d44888a9, topicName=妊娠期糖尿病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Mon Apr 10 01:24:58 CST 2023, time=2023-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2069509, encodeId=d58e2069509e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71de3120157' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#准妈妈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31201, encryptionId=71de3120157, topicName=准妈妈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Sun Oct 17 22:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1189572, encodeId=fc9c11895e2c6, content=值得进一步深入研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee616470317, createdName=ms8000002131411968, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 19:39:03 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1323018, encodeId=e41213230188a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Tue Oct 12 13:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404391, encodeId=b92814043919d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db62e905e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GDM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7905, encryptionId=db62e905e8, topicName=GDM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=330f2470752, createdName=朱睿睿, createdTime=Tue Oct 12 13:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-12 晓辰
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2124701, encodeId=eb2d2124e0131, content=补充<a href='/topic/show?id=5d0ee2249b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生菌#</a>是<a href='/topic/show?id=1aa5105835d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商税#</a>?不是!益生菌补充剂对提高FPG水平、胰岛素水平、<a href='/topic/show?id=a7cc8388290' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛素抵抗#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=f10d8388651' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛素敏感性#</a>有积极影响,特别是在GDM和健康孕妇中。<a href='/topic/show?id=9d5d44888a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期糖尿病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72249, encryptionId=5d0ee2249b0, topicName=益生菌), TopicDto(id=105835, encryptionId=1aa5105835d0, topicName=智商税), TopicDto(id=83882, encryptionId=a7cc8388290, topicName=胰岛素抵抗), TopicDto(id=83886, encryptionId=f10d8388651, topicName=胰岛素敏感性), TopicDto(id=44888, encryptionId=9d5d44888a9, topicName=妊娠期糖尿病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Mon Apr 10 01:24:58 CST 2023, time=2023-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2069509, encodeId=d58e2069509e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71de3120157' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#准妈妈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31201, encryptionId=71de3120157, topicName=准妈妈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9d8a96, createdName=doctorzheng, createdTime=Sun Oct 17 22:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1189572, encodeId=fc9c11895e2c6, content=值得进一步深入研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee616470317, createdName=ms8000002131411968, createdTime=Tue Feb 01 19:39:03 CST 2022, time=2022-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1323018, encodeId=e41213230188a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Tue Oct 12 13:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404391, encodeId=b92814043919d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db62e905e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GDM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7905, encryptionId=db62e905e8, topicName=GDM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=330f2470752, createdName=朱睿睿, createdTime=Tue Oct 12 13:27:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-12 朱睿睿

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